Cascade-exciton model of nuclear reactions

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses nuclear shapes studied by Coulomb excitation Nuclear E2 properties are a direct and an unambiguous measure of the collective shape parameters for quadrupole collectivity Coulomb excitation selectively excites collective states with cross sections that are a direct measure of the E2 matrix elements Advances in the field of Coulomb excitation make it feasible to measure essentially all the E2 matrix elements for low-lying nuclear levels The completeness and extent of this E2 information add a new dimension to the study of quadrupole collectivity in nuclei In particular, now it is practical to use a model-independent method for extracting the collective shape parameters directly from this large body of E2 data Coulomb excitation can now be used to address open questions such as those regarding the limits of the validity of macroscopic collective models, the role of symmetries in collective motion, and the role of shape transitions and shape coexistence in nuclear structure It is possible to exploit the model-independent sum rule method to project the significant quadrupole collective shape degrees of freedom directly from the data The power of the sum rule technique is that it allows a wealth of data to be transformed into a form that clearly shows the extent to which the data are correlated because of collectivity

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Nuclear Shapes Studied by Coulomb Excitation

Cluster emission, transfer and capture in nuclear reactions

The basic approximations of the Griffin model for nuclear reactions are reexamined. Proton-neutron distinguishability and the Pauli exclusion principle are treated in an improved way. Several improvements in the model input values are suggested. Direct reaction mechanisms are systematically considered, and semi-empirical descriptions are proposed for those not included in the Griffin model calculations (knockout and inelastic processes involving alpha particles and stripping and pickup). When all of these points are considered, good agreement with experimental energy spectra for emitted particles are obtained without arbitrary and unphysical factors in the particle emission rates and without the artificial projectile dependence previously needed for the average residual two-body matrix element.

C. Kalbach-Cline

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Residual two-body matrix elements for pre-equilibrium calculations

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