C. M. Cox

TL;DR: The Earth Gravitational Model 1996 (EGM96) as discussed by the authors was developed by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), and The Ohio State University (OSU) to develop an improved spherical harmonic model of the Earth's gravitational potential.

TL;DR: The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and The Ohio State University have collaborated to produce EGM96, an improved degree 360 spherical harmonic model representing the Earth's gravitational potential as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, additional satellite tracking data has been added to the satellite-only geopotential model solution, including, TRANET Doppler tracking data from the GEOSAT Geodetic Mission, TDRSS tracking of the Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO), the X-Ray Timing Explorer (XTE), the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS), as well as additional data from Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE).

TL;DR: In this article, two representation methods for the dynamic ocean topography (DOT) are compared, one using surface spherical harmonics, the other Proudman functions, which form an ocean domain-specific orthonormal basis.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of five global Earth gravitational models, published after 1995, was examined through tests with data (mostly) withheld from the development of these models, including satellite tracking measurements acquired over several spacecraft at various inclinations and altitudes, geoid undulations (or height anomalies) determined from GPS positioning and leveling observations, as well as hydrographic estimates of (relative) DOT.