Natural medicines from plant source used for therapy of diabetes mellitus: An overview of its pharmacological aspects

Vitamins are a class of essential nutrients in the body; thus, they play important roles in human health. The chemicals are involved in many physiological functions and both their lack and excess can put health at risk. Therefore, the establishment of methods for monitoring vitamin concentrations in different matrices is necessary. In this review, an updated overview of the main pretreatments and determination methods that have been used since 2010 is given. Ultrasonic assisted extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction are the most common pretreatment methods, while the determination methods involve chromatography methods, electrophoretic methods, microbiological assays, immunoassays, biosensors and several other methods. Different pretreatments and determination methods are discussed.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/6/1484/pdf/1

A Review of the Extraction and Determination Methods of Thirteen Essential Vitamins to the Human Body: An Update from 2010.

A low-cost, sensitive and convenient fluorescent probe of highly fluorescent Arginine – functionalized graphene quantum dots (Arg-GQDs) was designed and synthesized by a facile one–pot hydrothermal treatment of citric acid in the presence of Arginine. The fabricated Arg-GQDs with oxygen-rich functional groups exhibit a strong blue emission with 28.3% quantum yield (QY). It is found that such Arg-GQDs with high QY can be used as efficient fluorescent probe for thiamine determination. In the detection, photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the Arg-GQDs was reversibly quenched and recovered by Ag+ and thiamine, respectively. The effect of different parameters were optimized by central composite design (CCD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM). Furthermore, results of CCD were evaluated by standard analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the accuracy and suitability of the quadratic model. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescence “Off-On” process showed a sensitive response to thiamine in the concentration range of 0.1–8.0 μM with a detection limit of 53 nM. Finally, the Arg-GQDs based fluorescence method was applied to the analysis of thiamine in pharmaceuticals and foodstuff samples with satisfying recoveries for the spiked samples.

Fluorescence turn-on sensing of thiamine based on Arginine – functionalized graphene quantum dots (Arg-GQDs): Central composite design for process optimization

Beneﬁcial health effects of lupenone triterpene: A review.

Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl (fruit) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mice

Thespesia Populnea is a reputed ever green tree belonging to the family malvaceae; commonly known as Indian tulip tree. The plant is distributed in tropical regions and coastal forest in India. It is well known and all the parts are used in Indian system of medicine. The plant has been used as astringent, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, haemostatic, anti-diarroheal and anti-inflammatory. The ethanolic extract of the plant bark (TPBE) and leaf (TPLE) were evaluated for its effect on blood sugar, against the streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetic rats and compared it with standard drug glibenclamide. The result of this experimental study indicates that both the ethanolic extract posses’ anti-diabetic effect against STZ induced diabetic rats and also showed the possible mechanism due to inhibition of generation of free radical.

Antidiabetic activity of Thespesia populnea bark and leaf extract against streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

A simple, precise, rapid and selective reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP‐HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Benfotiamine (B1) 100 mg, Pyridoxine hydrochloride (B6) 100 mg, Mecobalamin (B12) 1000 mcg and Alpha– lipoic acid 100 mg in multivitamin capsules. The method uses X‐Terra reverse phase (RP‐18, 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column and gradient elution. The aqueous mobile phase contained 0.05 M phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 2.5 and acetonitrile. Separation and quantification was achieved by changing the proportion of the system linearly with a time‐schedule programme. Detection was carried out in the range of 200 to 600 nm using photodiode array detector and set at 320 nm and further analysis was carried out using a UV detector. This method has been validated and found to be applicable in routine analysis for multivitamin capsules. The precision is exemplified by relative standard deviations of 1.1% for benfotiamine, 0.9% for pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.7% for mecobalamin and 1.2% for Alpha‐lipoic acid. Good linearity was observed between the concentration of the analytes and peak area with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9997, 0.9990, 0.9995, and 0.9998 respectively. Mean recoveries obtained during spiking experiments were in the range of 99.8‐100.2.

Simultaneous and accurate determination of vitamins b1, b6, b12 and alpha­ lipoic acid in multivitamin capsule by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method

C. M. Karrunakaran

Papers

Antidiabetic activity of Thespesia populnea bark and leaf extract against streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Simultaneous and accurate determination of vitamins b1, b6, b12 and alpha lipoic acid in multivitamin capsule by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method

C. M. Karrunakaran

Papers

Antidiabetic activity of Thespesia populnea bark and leaf extract against streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Simultaneous and accurate determination of vitamins b1, b6, b12 and alpha­ lipoic acid in multivitamin capsule by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method

Simultaneous and accurate determination of vitamins b1, b6, b12 and alpha lipoic acid in multivitamin capsule by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method