OBJECTIVE: Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary is a rare complex malignant tumor that occurs in young women. We performed this study to determine the imaging characteristics of this tumor. CONCLUSION: Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary presents as a large complex abdominal mass that can be predominantly cystic and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of complex abdominal masses in girls and young women. In addition, upon encountering a mass with these imaging characteristics in the proper clinical setting, serum alpha-fetoprotein levels should be measured to help make a presurgical diagnosis and to obtain a baseline value.

https://www.ajronline.org/doi/pdfplus/10.2214/ajr.167.3.8751702

Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary: imaging evaluation.

Background
Meningocele and meningoencephalocele of the skull are congenital deformities. Various species, such as pigs, dogs, and cats, are susceptible to congenital meningocele and meningoencephalocele and the incidence is higher in large white and landrace pigs.

/pdf/two-cases-of-meningocele-and-meningoencephalocele-in-jeju-c9v88zmzb0.pdf

Two cases of meningocele and meningoencephalocele in Jeju native pigs.

A preterm (33 weeks) male neonate was born to a 34-year-old mother by caesarean section. The mother had a history of chronic hypertension, type 1 diabetes mellitus, stroke and asthma. Her medications included enoxaparin, insulin, nifedipine, methyldopa, inhaled albuterol and inhaled corticosteroids. She received regular prenatal care. The obstetric ultrasound done at 21 weeks of gestation revealed an occipital encephalocele, measuring ∼3.3×2.0×2.5 cm in size and protruding through a 0.95 cm cranial defect in the occipital area. The baby had a spontaneous cry at birth with Apgar score of 9 and 9 at …

https://casereports.bmj.com/content/casereports/2012/bcr-2012-006293.full.pdf

Occipital meningoencephalocele in a preterm neonate.

Mirror artifacts are produced by the reflection of ultrasound waves after they propagate through a structure and encounter a strong and smooth interface capable of acting as a mirror. Ultrasound waves bounce back and forth between the mirroring interface and the reflective object and then eventually return to the transducer. The typical display of the mirror artifact consists of two similar structures separated and at similar distances from the reflective interface. We report a mirror artifact in a patient with a singleton gestation at 18 weeks. The image was interpreted as consistent with a twin gestation using transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound. The differential diagnosis consisted of an abdominal heterotopic pregnancy. The presence of synchronized but opposite movements of both fetuses, and the blurred image of the second fetus, suggested a mirror artifact. The reflective surface was created by the interface located between a distended rectosigmoid filled with gas and the posterior uterine wall. Mirror artifacts can lead to diagnostic errors. This case illustrates how a distended rectosigmoid colon can generate an image that simulates either a twin gestation or an abdominal heterotopic pregnancy.

/pdf/mirror-artifacts-in-obstetric-ultrasound-case-presentation-3sklxailb8.pdf

Mirror artifacts in obstetric ultrasound; case presentation of a ghost twin during the second trimester ultrasound scan

important to recognize what you are seeing as an artifact. One of the more common artifacts is mirror image. This is a reverberation artifact caused by sound bouncing between multiple structures that are strong specular reflectors. Mirror images can occur during B-mode, color Doppler or pulsed-wave Doppler analysis. There are two major types of reverberation artifact: (1) the mirror is produced when the echoes are reflected between two specular reflectors multiple times (see Panel A); (2) a multipath artifact may incorrectly display the depth

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1358863x06072231

C M Maywood

Papers

Ultrasound case of the day. Duplication artifact (mirror image artifact).

Ultrasound case of the day. Occipital meningoencephalocele.

Ultrasound case of the day. Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor) of the right ovary.

Ultrasound case of the day. Inferior vena cava calcification (calcified thrombus).