As previously discussed, Reyhner and Eder (1989) have divided the history of American Indian educational policy, and indeed Indian policy generally, into six distinct periods or eras, culminating in our current state of Self-Determination. While this seems to be an accurate assessment of the present day, the authors would like to suggest that recent global developments have created considerable impetus for change in Indian Country. The authors believe that Indigenous populations may well be on the cusp of a new day in Indian policy in America, if proper consideration is given to this global imperative.

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

Isu ketersingkiran masyarakat adat dari tanah ulayat dan perampasan hak sosial, budaya, ekonomi dan politik di tingkat internasional telah mendapat respon positif dari lembaga internasional seperti Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa. Menjadi hal yang sangat penting bagi perjuangan berbagai komunitas masyarakat adat di seluruh dunia ketika PBB kemudian berhasil mencetuskan Deklarasi Hak Masyarakat Adat pada 13 September 2007 setelah proses negosiasi panjang selama puluhan tahun. Prinsip-prinsip yang memuat jaminan pengakuan dan perlindungan hak masyarakat adat secara menyeluruh ini diharapkan dapat menjadi standar acuan regulasi pengakuan dan perlindungan hak masyarakat adat negara yang terlibat di dalamnya termasuk Indonesia. Hingga saat ini Indonesia belum dapat memberikan jaminan perlindungan hak-hak masyarakat adat karena lemahnya regulasi yang mengatur pengakuan dan pemenuhan terhadap hal tersebut. Hal ini dikarenakan kebijakan pembangunan yang sentralistik dan bergerak dari atas ke bawah sehingga mengabaikan keberadaan masyarakat adat yang seharusnya dapat menjadi subjek dalam pembangunan. Penulis menggunakan teori rezim internasional untuk menganalisa penguatan rezim internasional mengenai hak masyarakat adat muncul sebagai reaksi terhadap kebutuhan untuk melakukan koordinasi perilaku berbagai negara tentang isu tersebut untuk kemudian dapat mempengaruhi perilaku berbagai negara yang masuk ke dalam rejim tersebut termasuk Indonesia. Kemudian konsep keputusan dini tanpa paksaan berdasarkan informasi lengkap digunakan sebagai ukuran atau kriteria untuk menilai kebijakan yang telah dikeluarkan pemerintah Indonesia berkaitan dengan masyarakat adat. Kedua alat analisa kemudian menunjukan bahwa keberadaan deklarasi PBB mengenai masyarakat adat sangat penting untuk di adopsi dalam kerangka regulasi nasional karena prinsip di dalamnya dapat dijadikan standar acuan bagi Indonesia yang tingkat pelanggaran terhadap hak-hak masyarakat adatnya tinggi karena lemahnya regulasi mengenai hal tersebut.

United nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples: relevansi dan urgensinya terkait pembentukan regulasi mengenai jaminan perlindungan hak masyarakat adat di indonesia

Achieving ‘a social licence to operate’ is important for organisations with long time horizons, high exposure to global markets and with a wide range of interested stakeholders. Community engagement is critical to achieve a social licence to operate, but its capacity to influence social licence is not well understood. Using case studies from forestry in New Brunswick, Canada and Tasmania, Australia, this article considers what social licence is, how community engagement plays a role in achieving social licence and how an alternative conceptualisation of social licence may improve the influence of community engagement in achieving a social licence to operate. Social licence is often conceived of as a single licence granted by a ‘community’. We argue that social licence is better conceptualised as a continuum of multiple licences achieved across various levels of society. Viewed in this way, we can consider what is needed to achieve social licences at given points along that continuum, and identify the stre...

Community engagement and social licence to operate

Drawing on various national statements on the ethical conduct of research, the codes of ethics of professional associations and international agencies, and ethical guidelines in social research met...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14615517.2013.850307

Principles for ethical research involving humans: Ethical professional practice in impact assessment Part I

While the World Bank safeguard policies and International Finance Corporation Performance Standards specify the requirements to be observed when project-induced displacement and resettlement occurs...

/pdf/project-induced-displacement-and-resettlement-from-2lwpfbwhaw.pdf

Project-induced displacement and resettlement: from impoverishment risks to an opportunity for development?

This paper considers a range of ethical issues in social impact assessment (SIA) providing a commentary from a professional practice perspective. Drawing on its companion paper (Vanclay et al. 2013 Principles for ethical research involving humans: Ethical professional practice in impact assessment Part I. Impact Assess Proj Appraisal, 31(4):243–253), the 18 principles of ethical research are discussed as they pertain to SIA practice. While the ethical principles are highly relevant and align well with good practice SIA, there will be situations where the specific requirements suggested by the principles need to be carefully thought through by practitioners. Although making some general conclusions, the paper’s main purpose is to stimulate further debate about ethical issues within the impact assessment profession. Key recommendations that emerge for SIA practice include the need for SIA practitioners to use information sheets routinely, and to increase the use of signed consent forms. It is also recommend...

C.N. Taylor

Papers

Principles for ethical research involving humans: Ethical professional practice in impact assessment Part I

Social impact assessment and ethical social research principles: Ethical professional practice in impact assessment Part II