Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an exciting new type of porous organic materials, which are ingeniously constructed with organic building units via strong covalent bonds. The well-defined crystalline porous structures together with tailored functionalities have offered the COF materials superior potential in diverse applications, such as gas storage, adsorption, optoelectricity, and catalysis. Since the seminal work of Yaghi and co-workers in 2005, the rapid development in this research area has attracted intensive interest from researchers with diverse expertise. This critical review describes the state-of-the-art development in the design, synthesis, characterisation, and application of the crystalline porous COF materials. Our own opinions on further development of the COF materials are also presented for discussion (155 references).

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs): from design to applications

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

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Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

Different polymers can be combined into a single material in many ways, which can lead to a wide range of phase behaviors that directly influence the associated physical properties and ultimate applications. Four factors control polymer-polymer phase behavior: choice of monomers, molecular architecture, composition, and molecular size. Current theories and experiments that deal with the equilibrium thermodynamics and non-equilibrium dynamics of polymer mixtures are described in terms of these experimentally accessible parameters. Two representative molecular architectures, binary linear homopolymer mixtures and diblock copolymers, exhibiting macrophase separation and microphase segregation, respectively, are examined in some detail. Although these model systems are fairly well understood, a myriad of mixing scenarios, with both existing and unrealized materials applications, remain unexplored at a fundamental level.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/251/4996/898.full.pdf

Polymer-polymer phase behavior.

Shape-memory polymers and their composites: Stimulus methods and applications

Recent advances in shape–memory polymers: Structure, mechanism, functionality, modeling and applications

Introduction. 1: Structure of the molecule. 2: Structure of polymeric solids. 3: The elastic properties of rubber. 4: Viscoelasticity. 5: Yield and fracture. 6: Reinforced polymers. 7: Forming. 8: Design. Further reading, Answers, Index

Principles of polymer engineering

Glass-rubber constitutive model for amorphous polymers near the glass transition

Elasticity and inelasticity of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers: Sensitivity to chemical and physical structure

Hot-drawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) under biaxial stress: application of a three-dimensional glass—rubber constitutive model

Two available theories of melting in extended chain polymer crystals are critically examined and compared with calorimetric data. Melting points, T m , and enthalpy of fusion, ΔH, have been measured for extended-chain crystals of poly(ethylene-oxide) fractions, covering a wide range of molecular weights. It appears that the theory of Flory and Vrij is the most appropriate to describe the present results and literature data. Application of this theory to experiments yields T m (∞) = (68.9 ± 0.4) °C and suggests that the value of the surface free energy, σ e , lies within 0.34 and 0.81 Kcal/mole, its enthalpic part (ΔH e /2) being (4.18 ± 0.22) Kcal/mole. Such a low value of σ e may be attributed to hydrogen bonding of OH end-groups located in the disordered surface layer of closely stacked crystalline lamellae.

C.P. Buckley

Papers

Principles of polymer engineering

Glass-rubber constitutive model for amorphous polymers near the glass transition

Elasticity and inelasticity of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers: Sensitivity to chemical and physical structure

Hot-drawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) under biaxial stress: application of a three-dimensional glass—rubber constitutive model

Melting behaviour of low molecular weight poly (ethylene-oxide) fractions