New developments in solid state fermentation: I-bioprocesses and products.

Solid state (substrate) fermentation (SSF) has been used successfully for the production of enzymes and secondary metabolites. These products are associated with the stationary phase of microbial growth and are produced on an industrial scale for use in agriculture and the treatment of disease. Many of these secondary metabolites are still produced by submerged liquid fermentations (SmF) even though production by this method has been shown to be less efficient than SSF. As large-scale production increases further, so do the costs and energy demands. SSF has been shown to produce a more stable product, requiring less energy, in smaller fermenters, with easier downstream processing measures. In this article we review an important area of biotechnology, since the recent evidence indicates that bacteria and fungi, growing under SSF conditions, are more than capable of supplying the growing global demand for secondary metabolites.

Solid-state fermentation: a promising microbial technology for secondary metabolite production.

Experimental design for fermentation media development: statistical design or global random search?

Background: Today, there are more than 40 peptides on the pharmaceutical world market and more than 100 in several clinical phases. Although in the past the pharmaceutical industries had reduced their interest in peptides research, in recent decades, they have rekindled their interest in peptides as a result of contemporary novel technological accomplishments, strategic developments, advances in the areas of formulation and enhanced drug delivery technology of peptides. Thus, eight new peptide drugs that could previously have been characterized as difficult to prepare on the large scale required by industry, have entered the pharmaceutical market at the new millennium. Discussion: The manufacturing of most of these drugs has benefited from new technological advances. Traditional and most modern techniques have been applied to the manufacture of these new entries. Conclusion: Recent accomplishments, together with the traditional benefits of peptides (high biological activity, high specificity and low toxic...

Manufacturing peptides as active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Cadmium, lead and mercury biosorption on waste fungal biomass issued from fermentation industry. I. Equilibrium studies

Several parameters including (a) tray fermentation with and without perforation (b) thickness of solid substrate bed (c) type of inoculum (d) size of inoculum (e)␣effect of relative humidity were studied for the optimum production of Cyclosporin A by solid state fermentation using Tolypocladium sp. The results indicate that while perforations in the trays had no significance on the yield of Cyc A, the other parameters had an influence on the production of Cyc A. The results indicate that under the optimized conditions, Cyc A can be produced in bulk quantities economically.

C. Sekar

Papers

Optimization studies on the production of cyclosporin A by solid state fermentation