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Logistic Regression A Self Learning Text

TEMA: os quilombos fazem parte de uma epoca triste da historia do Brasil. A escravidao deixou profundas marcas no pais; feridas que ainda insistem em nao cicatrizar. Neste enredo de exclusao, desigualdades e racismo institucionalizado, emergem as comunidades de remanescentes quilombolas, lutando por acesso e politicas inclusivas para suas populacoes. O acesso em saude no Brasil e, ainda, uma questao muito polemica desde a criacao do Sistema Unico de Saude. As populacoes quilombolas reivindicam direito a saude plena e integral. OBJETIVO: apresentar aos profissionais de saude uma reflexao sobre as questoes pertinentes as populacoes quilombolas e suas dificuldades na defesa de seus direitos de acesso a atencao em saude. CONCLUSAO: sao evidentes na trajetoria do SUS no Brasil as grandes falhas na inclusao de pessoas historicamente marginalizadas, alijando-as do processo de crescimento humano e social. As politicas publicas em saude devem buscar a equidade por meio da atencao inclusiva a grupos especiais, de maneira especial a comunidades quilombolas brasileiras.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rcefac/v13n5/151-10.pdf

Saúde e comunidades quilombolas: uma revisão da literatura

This study analyzes nutritional status, estimates the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity, and investigates factors associated with these outcomes in a two-stage random sample of adults (> 20 years) in quilombos (communities that descend from African slaves) in Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil, in 2011. Among 739 participants, prevalence rates were 31.8% and 10.2% for overweight and obesity, respectively, and 55.7% for increased waist-to-height ratio (> 0.50). Prevalence of overweight was higher among 30-39-year-olds, while abdominal obesity was more frequent among older individuals. Female sex, eating chicken or beef with untrimmed fat, and hypertension were associated with higher odds of overweight and abdominal obesity, while smoking and single marital status were associated with lower odds. The results show high prevalence rates for overweight and abdominal obesity in these very poor and socially isolated communities. Specific preventive and control measures are urgently needed.

/pdf/sobrepeso-e-obesidade-abdominal-em-adultos-quilombolas-bahia-43nqik5y8i.pdf

Sobrepeso e obesidade abdominal em adultos quilombolas, Bahia, Brasil

Objective To identify the factors associated with food insecurity among Quilombolas communities in Brazil. Design An analysis of secondary data assessed in the 2011 Quilombolas Census was performed. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (Escala Brasileira de Inseguranca Alimentar, EBIA) was used to assess household food security status. Sociodemographic conditions and access to social programmes and benefits were also evaluated. Setting National survey census from recognized Quilombolas Brazilian territories. Subjects Quilombolas households (n 8846). Results About half (47·8 %) of the Quilombolas lived in severely food-insecure households, with the North and Northeast regions facing the most critical situation. Households located in North Brazil, whose head of the family had less than 4 years of education, with a monthly per capita income below $US 44, without adequate sanitation and without adequate water supply had the greatest chance of experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity. Households that had access to a water supply programme for dry regions (Programa Cisternas) and an agricultural harvest subsidy programme (Programa Garantia Safra) had less chance of experiencing moderate and severe food insecurity. Households that did not have access to health care (Programa Saude da Familia) had greater chance of suffering from moderate or severe food insecurity. Conclusions Interventions are urgently needed to strengthen and promote public policies aimed to improve living conditions and food security in Quilombolas communities.

/pdf/household-food-insecurity-in-black-slaves-descendant-2fcnzzy5hr.pdf

Household food insecurity in black-slaves descendant communities in Brazil: has the legacy of slavery truly ended?

Este estudo tem por objeto a constituicao do campo cientifico da Alimentacao e Cultura no Brasil, tomando por norte as concepcoes de Bourdieu. Descrevemos o parque cientifico a que esse campo corresponde, sua distribuicao geografica e institucional, sua insercao nas areas do conhecimento, as questoes investigadas, a qualificacao dos pesquisadores, sua producao academica e seus vinculos com programas de pos-graduacao stricto sensu; suas sociedades e organizacoes cientificas sao objetivos mais especificos deste artigo. Tres espacos sociais do mundo da ciencia estao em jogo: "Sociologia e Antropologia", "Saude Coletiva" e "Alimentacao e Nutricao", que tem incorporado no habitus de seu agente principal, o pesquisador das Ciencias da Saude, as reflexoes, potencialidades e recursos metodologicos oriundos das Ciencias Sociais e Humanas. A teia de significados tecida nesse lugar de encontro entre distintos saberes se encontra marcada pela visao hegemonica biomedica, se ressente e demanda um dominio mais solido de conceitos e metodos capazes de enfrentar a complexidade da realidade e dos problemas alem das bancadas dos laboratorios, na vida em sociedade.

/pdf/alimentacao-e-cultura-como-campo-cientifico-no-brasil-40utvd1eng.pdf

Alimentação e cultura como campo científico no Brasil

Objective
This work describes results based on the participative and encompassing development of a model of causal determination done in six quilombola communities of Santarem, Para State, regarding the causality of food and nutrition insecurity with the construction of the BR-163 highway.
Methods
The research process used socio-anthropological approach methods based on the development of a causality model constructed by forming focal groups with community representatives.
Result
The results of the study show that the use of participative approaches stimulates the community’s self-esteem and takes control of the factors that determine its problems. The causal model reveals that, for the communities, nutrition and food insecurity establish that historical factors associated with land ownership and current use based on predatory practices are essential to understand the causal determination of food and nutrition insecurity.
Conclusion
Racism and its social nuances have contributed for the social invisibility of these communities in public Brazilian policies. The quilombola communities consider themselves in a state of nutritional and food insecurity and indicate that the construction of the BR-163 highway can be a threat to the sustainable ethnic development in the region. They also state that the economic development expected with the construction of this highway can increase hunger, poverty and racism if the communities do not participate.

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rn/v21s0/08.pdf

A rede de causalidade da insegurança alimentar e nutricional de comunidades quilombolas com a construção da rodovia BR-163, Pará, Brasil

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status and living conditions of adults and older people from remaining quilombola communities in the municipality of Santarem, Para, Brazil. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional research study approach conducted in the quilombola communities of Bom Jardim, Murumurutuba, Murumuru, Tiningu, Arapema and Saracura. Data collection involved an anthropometric evaluation and application of a semi-structured questionnaire to identify socioeconomic, demographic and environmental conditions. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed and inferential statistics involved nominal logistic regression to identify the social variables that had some effect on the nutritional status of adults. Results: A total of 533 individuals, aged ≥18 years, participated in the study. The predominance of females was found to be 53.4%, married or friends 72.9%, with completed primary education (56.8%) and Catholics (88.7%). The largest proportion of the population was in the area of land (65.6%). However, the largest number of adults and older people were concentrated in the Saracura quilombo, a floodplain area (21.9%). The worst perception of health status was with permanent difficulty to see (36.4%). They lived with household income less than 1 minimum wage (66.0%), houses with clay, wood and other floors (72.5%%), lighting with kerosene lamps (85.9%), use of rudimentary pits as a toilet (type dug or black) (88.2%). And water supply of the river or the creek (44.4%). A positive association was observed between low weight and the age group of older people. Obesity in adults was significantly associated with the age group, as well as with the origin of the minimum income (unemployment insurance or Bolsa Familia (scholarship and/or family grant). It was observed that there was a significant difference between the overweight, the age group and the female sex with the location of the quilombo (floodplain: varzea or dryland: terra firme), and with the origin of the water (shaft or cacimba). It was found that malnutrition, especially in older people, is a relevant problem. Conclusions: This study is an important support instrument for the discussion of the health of the quilombola population, since the results showed the existence of social vulnerability and health situations, differentiated according to the geographical location of the quilombos, which is closely related to climate seasonality, as well as to environmental, socioeconomic and demographic conditions. The need for further studies to deepen the characterization of these communities on analysis, linked to discussions on the establishment of sustainable social protection systems for the improvement of the quality of life in these territories, is thus highlighted.

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Camilo Hurtado Guerrero

Papers

A rede de causalidade da insegurança alimentar e nutricional de comunidades quilombolas com a construção da rodovia BR-163, Pará, Brasil

Nutritional status and living conditions of adults and older people in quilombola communities, municipality of Santarém, Pará - Amazon, Brazil