The 2008 crash has left all the established economic doctrines - equilibrium models, real business cycles, disequilibria models - in disarray. Part of the problem is due to Smith’s "veil of ignorance": individuals unknowingly pursue society’s interest and, as a result, have no clue as to the macroeconomic effects of their actions: witness the Keynes and Leontief multipliers, the concept of value added, fiat money, Engel’s law and technical progress, to name but a few of the macrofoundations of microeconomics. A good viewpoint to take bearings anew lies in comparing the post-Great Depression institutions with those emerging from Thatcher and Reagan’s economic policies: deregulation, exogenous vs. endoge- nous money, shadow banking vs. Volcker’s Rule. Very simply, the banks, whose lending determined deposits after Roosevelt, and were a public service became private enterprises whose deposits determine lending. These underlay the great moderation preceding 2006, and the subsequent crash.

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism

Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

Governing the Commons

Inclusion and democracy.

Introduction: From Third Sector to Social Enterprise Part 1: Social Enterprises in the Fifteen EU Countries 1. Austria: Social Enterprises and New Childcare Services 2. Belgium: Social Enterprises in Community Services 3. Denmark: Co-operative Activity and Community Development 4. Finland: Labour Co-operatives as an Innovative Response to Unemployment 5. France: Social Enterprises Developing 'Proximity Services' 6. Germany: Social Enterprises and Transitional Employment 7. Greece: Social Enterprises Responding to Welfare Needs 8. Ireland: Social Enterprises and Local Development 9. Italy: From Traditional Cooperatives to Innovative Social Enterprises 10. Luxembourg: Work-Integration Social Enterprises in an Emerging Third Sector 11. Portugal: Co-operatives for Rehabilitation of People with Disabilities 12. Spain: Social Enterprises as a Response to Employment Policy Failure 13. Sweden: The Emergence of Work-Integration Social Enterprises 14. The Netherlands: Neighbourhood Development Enterprises 15. United Kingdom: A Wide Range of Social Enterprises Part 2: The Social Enterprises: A Theoretical Perspective 16. Social Enterprises as Incentive Structures: An Economic Analysis 17. The Significance of Social Capital in the Multiple Goal and Resource Structure of Social Enterprises 18. The Social Enterprise: Towards a Theoretical Socio-Economic Approach 19. Management Challenges for Social Enterprises Conclusions: Social Enterprises in Europe: A Diversity of Initiatives and Prospects

/pdf/the-emergence-of-social-enterprise-5ep2jqeqps.pdf

The Emergence of Social Enterprise

Exploiting a unique data set created in 1999 on a sample of 228 public, nonprofit, and for-profit organizations operating in the social service sector, and on 2,066 workers, the article tests wheth...

Worker Motivations, Job Satisfaction, and Loyalty in Public and Nonprofit Social Services

– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the social enterprise concept at an international level. It provides a comprehensive overview of the existing literature in this subject area and focuses on the legal implementation of social enterprises., – The paper is an analytic review, building on previous work. Conclusions are on how the social enterprise concept has been legally implemented in a number of representative European countries., – The lack of a common understanding of social enterprise should not be regarded as a limitation as such debate encourages a rethinking of the theoretical definition of enterprise and its legal structure. The legal recognition of social enterprise contributes to conceptual clarification in the countries concerned., – This is a conceptual discussion paper, which stimulates further research on the most interesting mechanisms and consistent models of social enterprise that are developing at an international level., – The paper synthesises existing conceptual studies on social enterprise. It contributes to enrich the current debate on social enterprise and aids in focusing future research.

http://www.fdsc.ro/library/files/prometeus/Social_enterprise.An_international_overview.pdf

Social enterprise: An international overview of its conceptual evolution and legal implementation

This book explores Europe's third sector – the non-profit organisations and providers of social services such as mutuals, co-operatives, associations, voluntary organisations and charities: these elements of a civil society are important yet often overlooked features in contemporary socio-economics and social policy

Carlo Borzaga

Papers

The Emergence of Social Enterprise

Worker Motivations, Job Satisfaction, and Loyalty in Public and Nonprofit Social Services

Social enterprise: An international overview of its conceptual evolution and legal implementation

Defining the third sector in Europe

Economics and Social Interaction: Interpersonal relations and job satisfaction: some empirical results in social and community care services