The East Asian miracle: Economic growth and public policy: By the World Bank. (New York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank, 1993. 389 pp. $19.95, paper.)

On the green and innovative side of trade competitiveness? The impact of environmental policies and innovation on EU exports

The gravity model has been extensively used in international trade research for the last 40 years because of its considerable empirical robustness and explanatory power. Since their introduction in the 1960's, gravity models have been used for assessing trade policy implications and, particularly recently, for analyzing the effects of Free Trade Agreements on international trade. The objective of this paper is to review the recent empirical literature on gravity models, highlight best practices and provide an overview of Free Trade Agreement effects on international trade as reported by relevant gravity model-based studies over the past decade.

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/67427/1/716972018.pdf

The Gravity Model Specification for Modeling International Trade Flows and Free Trade Agreement Effects: A 10-Year Review of Empirical Studies

Socioeconomic factors, including population growth, global trade and the worldwide transport of materials, interact with environmental drivers to determine the sustainability of natural systems. We focus on the global shipping network, which is central to invasive species spread worldwide. We explain 90% of the variation in global shipping traffic and a twofold increase in shipping using basic socioeconomic indicators and a temporal validation set. Combining our model with global economic development scenarios, we project global maritime traffic to increase by 240–1,209% by 2050. Integrating our predictions with global climate change projections and shipping-mediated invasion models, we forecast invasion risk to surge in middle-income countries, particularly in Northeast Asia. Shipping growth will have a far greater effect on marine invasions than climate-driven environmental changes: while climate change might actually decrease the average probability of invasion, the emerging global shipping network could yield a 3- to 20-fold increase in global invasion risk. Shipments of natural resources and goods connect distant regions but sometimes move more than their intended cargo. This study models the growth of the global shipping network and the implications for spreading invasive species in a changing climate, forecasting substantial increases in ship movements and a 3- to 20-fold increase in invasion risk in coming decades.

Global forecasts of shipping traffic and biological invasions to 2050

This paper assesses China’s “natural” place in the world economy with a new set of trade integration indicators, which are used as a benchmark in order to examine whether China’s share in international trade is consistent with fundamentals such as economic size, location and other relevant factors. They constitute a better measure of trade integration that incorporates many more factors than traditional openness ratios. The model tracks international trade well and confirms that China is already well integrated in world markets, particularly with North America, several Latin American and East Asian emerging markets and most euro area countries.

/pdf/evaluating-china-s-integration-in-world-trade-with-a-gravity-4th8j8ea2e.pdf

Evaluating China’s Integration in World Trade with a Gravity Model Based Benchmark

The determinants of East Asian trade flows: a gravity equation approach

This paper compares the economic integration processes of the European Union and the East Asian nations and comments on the possible reciprocal lessons, if any, that can be drawn in order to smooth the future paths of the two groups. On the EU side, institutions, structural policies, and the monetary union are most relevant, and in East Asia, production networks, trade, and financial cooperation. Both entities are presently facing difficult challenges to progress and growth.

/pdf/east-asian-and-european-economic-integration-a-comparative-5e94bku0az.pdf

East Asian and European Economic Integration: A Comparative Analysis

The aim of this note is to present some new results in joint production models represented by linear equations.1 Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of a semi-positive (positive) price vector and for a decreasing relation between profit and wage rates.2 As a corollary the presence of negative labour values and positive prices is explained and the scrap age of a machine determined.

Two theorems on joint production

This paper compares the economic integration processes of the European Union and the East Asian nations and comments on the possible reciprocal lessons, if any, that can be drawn to smooth the future paths of the two groups. The most relevant lessons on the EU side rely on strong institutionalization, structural policies, and the monetary union. Lessons from East Asia can be found in regional production networks, trade patterns, and the recent developments in financial cooperation. Both entities are presently facing difficult challenges to progress and growth.

Carlo Filippini

Papers

The determinants of East Asian trade flows: a gravity equation approach

East Asian and European Economic Integration: A Comparative Analysis

Two theorems on joint production

Economic integration in east asia and europe: lessons from a comparative analysis

Nota critica al teorema del troncamento