http://www.course.sdu.edu.cn/G2S/eWebEditor/uploadfile/20131201162907028.pdf

Workplace texts: do they mean the same for teachers and business people?

Tourism is growing and is becoming more competitive. Destinations need to find elements which demonstrate their uniqueness, the singularity which allows them to differentiate themselves from others. This struggle for uniqueness makes economies become more competitive and competition is a central element in the dynamics of Tourism. Technology is also an added value for tourism competitiveness, as it allows destinations to become internationalised and known worldwide. In this scenario, research has increased as a means to study Tourism trends in fields such as sociology and marketing. Nevertheless, there are areas in which there is not much research done and which are fundamental: these are the areas concerned with identities, communication and interpersonal relations. In this regard, Linguistics has a major role for different reasons: firstly, it studies language itself and through it, communication, secondly, language conveys culture and, thirdly, it is by enriching language users that innovation in Tourism and in knowledge, as a whole, is made possible. This innovation, on the other hand, has repercussions in areas such as management, internationalisation and marketing as well. It is, therefore, the objective of this thesis to report on how learning experiences take place in Tourism undergraduate English language classes as well as to give an account of enhanced results in classes where mobile learning was adopted. In this way, an alliance between practice and research was established. This is beneficial for the teaching and learning process because by establishing links between research based insight and practice, the outcome is grounded knowledge which helps make solid educational decisions. This research, therefore, allows to better understand if learners accept working with mobile technologies in their learning process. Before introducing any teaching and learning approach, it was necessary to be informed, as well, of how English for tourism programmes are organised. This thesis also illustrates through the premises of Systemic Functional Linguistics that language use can be enhanced by using mobile technology in Tourism undergraduate language classes. Isabel Oliveira

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English for tourism : contribution to language use through mobile learning

The interpersonal and experiential grammar of Chilean Spanish : Towards a principled Systemic-Functional description based on axial argumentation.

When looking back over the last three or four decades of the twentieth century, one cannot avoid noticing some widespread signals of a deep crisis that is affecting the model of scientific rationality that governs us. Revealing itself more and more at the core of the configurative lines of that model of rationality, this crisis has been identified (Santos, 1987, 1989, 2000, for instance) as the result of both societal and theoretical conditions that have developed interactively. In the light of this reading, and following the work of authors who have addressed the subject from different perspectives (Capra, 1982, 1996; Santos, 1987, 1989, 2000; Lemke 1995; Horgan 1996), my purpose in this chapter is threefold. First, I will propose a reading of the development of linguistics as reflecting attitudes and ways of looking at the experience of language that, if not ahead of, have been homologous with the new conditions undermining the paradigm of modern science. I will argue that the discursive turn in (social) science(s), being the result of the crisis of the paradigm of modern science, is itself a condition for that crisis.

Critical Discourse Analysis and the Development of the New Science

The aim of this paper is to explore the MOOD system of the Spanish clause, as a region of interpersonal meaning within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (hereafter, SFL). Given the paradigmatic perspective privileged in SFL descriptions, the focus here is on the choices underlying the different lexicogrammatical structures used by Spanish speakers in verbal exchanges, in particular, the resources available for the exchange of information and goods and services in dialogue.

The variety addressed in this account is Chilean Spanish; the descriptive focus is on the (simple) clause and the (verbal) group. Key interpersonal features are first addressed from the perspective of discourse semantics, beginning with the exploration of the key negotiatory features of the organisation of the clause, and moving on to the realisation of ‘subjecthood’ and ‘finiteness’. Subsequently, a general MOOD system network is outlined, including discussion of the systemic contrasts motivating its features and their structural realisation. Finally, a number of issues emerging from this discussion are raised.

Towards a systemic profile of the Spanish MOOD

O objectivo deste texto e introduzir o leitor nos pressupostos teorico-metodologicos da linguistica sistemico-funcional, procurando sistematizar alguns dos conceitos-chave e dos marcos de desenvolvimento que sustentam o corpo de teoria. A partir de consideracoes gerais sobre a natureza da lingua e o papel da linguagem na vida humana, o artigo comeca por explorar a nocao de funcoes da linguagem, para a partir dai explicitar como se erige este modelo de descricao gramatical. Assim, e depois de estabelecida a relacao entre linguagem e sistema linguistico, afirma- se a importância do uso linguistico na descricao e constroise o texto quer como unidade de uso quer como unidade de descricao, isto e, como instanciacao do sistema e unica forma de a este chegarmos, em termos de conhecimento descritivo. O artigo prossegue depois com a descricao das relacoes de probabilidade entre o texto e o contexto, dando conta das nocoes de registo e de genero, para de seguida descrever as redes de escolhas da lexicogramatica que realizam o potencial semântico do sistema. O artigo termina com uma sistematizacao dos tipos/niveis de analise e da metalinguagem a eles associada.

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Texto e gramática: uma introdução à Linguística Sistémico-Funcional

The definition of theme is not entirely uncontroversial within systemic linguistics Furthermore, the application of the notion of theme to languages other than English is even more problematic Portuguese is one such a language, not only because of its specificity, but also because, depending
on the definition of theme, its two main varieties may not go entirely together when it comes to what is marked or unmarked The purpose of this paper is to raise arguments for a definition of theme that may also be useful for languages such as Portuguese, where the subject is often elided leaving the predicator as clause initial The structure shown by this type of clause and the way it casts doubts on the organisation of the clause as message, seem to be related to the core of the controversy over the definition
of theme

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Marked or unmarked, that is not the question. The question is: where’s the theme?

This paper aims at contributing to the description of Portuguese from the point of view of Systemic Functional Grammar, particularly in relation to the description of the clause as an exchange. While assuming that the interpersonal organization of the Portuguese clause involves phenomena that are similar across different languages, such as Mood systems, for instance, the paper wants nevertheless to show that there are systemic options (and their structural realizations) that are specific to Portuguese, particularly if compared to the same options in English, a language whose descriptions have so often and too strongly been imposed on Portuguese. Starting with a general description of some aspects of the Portuguese language, the paper then proceeds to a description of Mood types and the system of choices associated with them. By raising some questions and doubts concerning the description of the elements that in Portuguese carry the negotiation forward, the paper ends up proposing a description that sees Portuguese as a Finite-less language, that is, a language that does not have Finite, a function that proved to be appropriate for the description of the English language but fails to be so when considered from the point of view of Portuguese.

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Towards a profile of the interpersonal organization of the portuguese clause

D&S Forum

De todas as palavras fundamentais da area da ciencia linguistica, a palavra gramatica talvez seja a que mais se tem prestado a confusoes variadas ao longo dos tempos, em funcao dos multiplos significados que lhe sao atribuidos. Efectivamente, de gramatica como estudo das regras que determinam o funcionamento de uma lingua, ate gramatica como sistema de elementos e padroes que organiza a expressao linguistica, passando por gramatica como “um modelo de conhecimento da lingua do falante-ouvinte r epresentativo de uma dada comunidade linguistica, reconhecendo-se-lhe varias componentes, que correspondem aos varios tipos de saber linguistico intuitivo de tal falante” (Faria et al. 1996: 14), varias sao as acepcoes possiveis a considerar na construcao da nocao de gramatica, a que depois se juntam novas significacoes em razao dos modificadores que com a palavra sao usados (por exemplo, gramatica descritiva, gramatica formal, gramatica escolar, gramatica funcional, gramatica tradicional, etc.). A nocao de gramatica aqui adoptada e a de gramatica enquanto conjunto de recursos para a producao de significado. Nesta acepcao, a gramatica e entendida como um instrumental de uso que explica o sistema e a estrutura da lingua por conexao do texto, o que produzimos sempre que falamos, com o seu proposito social. Trata-se de uma visao da gramatica como potencial de significacao, desenvolvida no quadro de investigacao e descricao gramatical da chamada linguistica sistemico-funcional (Halliday 1978, 1993, 2004; Martin 1992; Martin and Rose 2002), em que o texto e tratado tanto como artefacto quanto como especime: “nao podemos explicar porque um texto significa o que significa, com todas as leituras e valores variados que lhe sao atribuidos, a nao ser relacionando-o com o sistema linguistico como um todo; e igualmente nao podemos usa-lo como janela para o sistema, a nao ser que compreendamos o que ele significa e porque.

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Carlos A. M. Gouveia

Papers

Texto e gramática: uma introdução à Linguística Sistémico-Funcional

Marked or unmarked, that is not the question. The question is: where’s the theme?

Towards a profile of the interpersonal organization of the portuguese clause

D&S Forum

Escrita e ensino: para além da gramática, com a gramática