Background Current and comprehensive information on the epidemiology of DSM-IV 12-month and lifetime drug use disorders in the United States has not been available. Objectives To present detailed information on drug abuse and dependence prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity with other Axis I and II disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants Face-to-face interviews using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in a large representative sample of US adults (N = 43 093). Main Outcome Measures Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence of drug abuse and dependence and the associated correlates, treatment rates, disability, and comorbidity with other Axis I and II disorders. Results Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime drug abuse (1.4% and 7.7%, respectively) exceeded rates of drug dependence (0.6% and 2.6%, respectively). Rates of abuse and dependence were generally greater among men, Native Americans, respondents aged 18 to 44 years, those of lower socioeconomic status, those residing in the West, and those who were never married or widowed, separated, or divorced (all P Conclusions Most individuals with drug use disorders have never been treated, and treatment disparities exist among those at high risk, despite substantial disability and comorbidity. Comorbidity of drug use disorders with other substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder, as well as dependence with mood disorders and generalized anxiety disorder, appears to be due in part to unique factors underlying each pair of these disorders studied. The persistence of low treatment rates despite the availability of effective treatments indicates the need for vigorous educational efforts for the public and professionals.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/articlepdf/482282/yoa60081_566_576.pdf

Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in the United States: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Participation rates in epidemiologic studies.

A systematic review of risk factors for intimate partner violence was conducted. Inclusion criteria included publication in a peer-reviewed journal, a representative community sample or a clinical sample with a control-group comparison, a response rate of at least 50%, use of a physical or sexual violence outcome measure, and control of confounding factors in the analyses. A total of 228 articles were included (170 articles with adult and 58 with adolescent samples). Organized by levels of a dynamic developmental systems perspective, risk factors included: (a) contextual characteristics of partners (demographic, neighborhood, community and school factors), (b) developmental characteristics and behaviors of the partners (e.g., family, peer, psychological/behavioral, and cognitive factors), and (c) relationship influences and interactional patterns. Comparisons to a prior review highlight developments in the field in the past 10 years. Recommendations for intervention and policy along with future directions for intimate partner violence (IPV) risk factor research are presented.

/pdf/a-systematic-review-of-risk-factors-for-intimate-partner-2y58uo9joq.pdf

A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence

福祉関連職におけるMaslach Burnout Inventoryの因子構造の比較

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10652722.pdf

Intimate partner physical abuse perpetration and victimization risk factors: A meta-analytic review.

This study assesses the relative influence of various SES measures on the probability of intimate partner violence (IPV) among a national sample of White, Black, and Hispanic married and cohabiting couples. Participants were interviewed in conjunction with the 1995 National Alcohol Survey. Sociodemographic, psychosocial, and alcohol consumption data were obtained from both members of the couple. IPV was measured through the Conflict Tactics Scale, Form R. Bivariate tests were employed to investigate the association between SES and IPV. Deviance statistics, based on contrasting transformed likelihood measures obtained through multivariate logistic regression models, were computed to assess the relative influence of SES on the probability of IPV. Results indicate that annual household income had the greatest relative influence on the probability of partner violence. Future research is needed to explore the pathways by which SES contributes to the risk of partner violence.

Socioeconomic Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Among White, Black, and Hispanic Couples in the United States

Neighborhood poverty as a predictor of intimate partner violence among White, Black, and Hispanic couples in the United States: a multilevel analysis.

Intimate Partner Violence and Drinking Patterns Among White, Black, and Hispanic Couples in the U.S.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem in the United States Results from a 1995 national study indicated that 23 percent of the black couples, 115 percent of the white couples, and 17 percent of the Hispanic couples surveyed reported an incident of male-to-female partner violence in the 12 months preceding the survey The rate of female-to-male partner violence was also high: 15 percent among white couples, 30 percent among black couples, and 21 percent among Hispanic couples The higher prevalence of IPV among ethnic minorities, compared with whites, cannot be explained by any single factor, but seems to be related to risk factors associated with the individual, the type of relationship between partners, and factors in the environment Alcohol plays an important part in IPV The study found that 30 to 40 percent of the men and 27 to 34 percent of the women who perpetrated violence against their partners were drinking at the time of the event Alcohol-related problems were associated with IPV among blacks and whites, but not among Hispanics Alcohol's role in partner violence may be explained by people's expectations that alcohol will have a disinhibitory effect on behavior or by alcohol's direct physiological disinhibitory effect It is also possible that people consciously use alcohol as an excuse for their violent behavior or that alcohol appears to be associated with violence because both heavier drinking and violence have common predictors, such as an impulsive personality

/pdf/alcohol-related-intimate-partner-violence-among-white-black-1tf28lopyt.pdf

Alcohol-Related Intimate Partner Violence Among White, Black, and Hispanic Couples in the United States

Background: Particularly for women, level of intimate partner violence (IPV) severity is associated with risk of injury. Previous research suggests that male drinking problems and drug use are key risk factors. Few studies, however, have examined the associations between male and female alcohol problems and drug use and risk of moderate and severe male IPV in general household population samples.

Methods: A multiethnic sample of 1615 married and cohabiting couples was obtained from the 1995 National Study of Couples, a cross-sectional study on alcohol and IPV. We assessed the contribution of past year male and female alcohol-related problems (i.e., drinking consequences and alcohol-dependence symptoms) and illicit drug use to the risk of moderate and severe male IPV. A series of generalized multinomial logit models, with adjustment for sociodemographic and psychosocial covariates, was constructed to assess these associations.

Results: Female and male alcohol-related problems and female drug use, were associated with increased risk of moderate and severe male IPV. Contrary to our expectation, male drug use was not associated with elevated risk for either type of male IPV. Compared with couples residing in low-unemployment neighborhoods, couples residing in high-unemployment neighborhoods were at greater risk for severe, but not moderate, male IPV.

Conclusions: Alcohol-related problems among men and women and drug use among women, appear to be important correlates of male IPV severity among couples in the general population. These findings can aid in IPV screening efforts, the formulation of prevention strategies, and help inform batterer and victim treatment programs.

Carol B. Cunradi

Papers

Socioeconomic Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Among White, Black, and Hispanic Couples in the United States

Neighborhood poverty as a predictor of intimate partner violence among White, Black, and Hispanic couples in the United States: a multilevel analysis.

Intimate Partner Violence and Drinking Patterns Among White, Black, and Hispanic Couples in the U.S.

Alcohol-Related Intimate Partner Violence Among White, Black, and Hispanic Couples in the United States

Alcohol-related problems, drug use, and male intimate partner violence severity among US couples