In his Preface the author' says that he started out to review all the more important theories upon the topics ordinarily discussed under human motivation but soon found himself more and more limited to the presentation of his own point of view. This very well characterizes the book. It is a very personal product. It is an outline with some defense of the author's own thinking about instincts and appetites and sentiments and how they function in human behavior. And as the author draws so heavily upon James and McDougall, especially the latter, the book may well be looked upon as a sort of sequel to their efforts. There is a thought-provoking distinction presented between instinct and appetite. An instinct is said to be aroused always by something in the external situation; and, correspondingly, an appetite is said to be aroused by sensations from within the body itself. This places, of course, a heavy emphasis upon the cognitive factor in all instinctive behaviors; and the author prefers to use the cognitive factor, especially the knowledge of that end-experience which will satisfy, as a means of differentiating one instinct from another. In this there is a recognized difference from McDougall who placed more emphasis for differentiation upon the emotional accompaniment. The list of instincts arrived at by this procedure is much like that of McDougall, although the author is forced by his criteria to present the possibility of food-seeking and sex and sleep operating both in the manner of an appetite and also as an instinct. The Shand-McDougall concept of sentiment is taken over and used in the explanation of moral motivation. There is the development within each personality of a sentiment for some moral principle. But this sentiment is not a very powerful motivating factor. It is reinforced by social pressures and by religion, which is treated as an effort of finite man to live in harmony with the infinite reality. Those whose psychological thinking is largely in terms of McDougall will doubtless find this volume a very satisfying expansion; but those who are at all inclined to support their psychological thinking by reference to experimental studies will not be so well pleased. The James-Lange theory, for example, is discussed without mention of the many experimental studies which it has provoked. Theoretical sources appear in general to be preferred to experimental investigations.

Human MotivationThe Mind in Action: A Study of Motives and Values. A. Campbell Garnett

Dictionnaire de didactique du français : langue étrangère et seconde

La communication verbale avec l'enfant

Crise da modernidade e inovações curriculares

Apprendre à apprendre et apprentissage hétérodirigé

Today, it seems to be pedagogically quite obvious that when one discusses classroom-based group tutorial sessions, these are usually associated with successful university learning. In Portugal as in many other European countries, universities have been invited to propose innovative models where classroom -based group tutorial sessions play an important role. However, it seems that certain important questions have not been raised. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the debate on implementing classroom-based group tutorial sessions as a pedagogic organization that highlights successful learning. Learner autonomy is an aim of university education but also a means .The study considers classroom-based group tutorial sessions as a key part in the set up, of learner autonomy through the pedagogical organization of self-study with ongoing institutional support.In this study, there is a proposal to insert in a pedagogic organization, that teaches French in a Portuguese university, a model of classroom-based group tutorial sessions based on the advice of self-directed learning in foreign languages elaborated by CRAPEL (Holec, 1990, Gremmo, 1995). The study confirms that it is possible to implement this model that has been developed within permanent training and in the context of institutional higher education training. Moreover, the study focuses on certain motivation dimensions in learning, considering that classroom-based group tutorial sessions enable teaching staff to better take into account students' motivation for a better management of self-regulated learning and starting from the view that motivation is a condition for students' self regulation.The thesis consists of four parts. In the first part, the researcher explains that it is possible to think of classroom-based group tutorial sessions as being able to promote students' learner autonomy and how this conception of classroom-based group tutorial sessions enter the referred pedagogical organization. The second part provides a state of the art research on motivation and its importance compared with self-regulated learning. The research question is posed in the third part, as well as the methodological analysis of the implementation of classroom -based group tutorial sessions. Reflection is based on data collection and its analysis. The analysis of discourse took place during the classroom-based group tutorial sessions. The fourth part deals with the analysis. Conclusions rest on the visible effects of the application of the tested classroom-based group tutorial model.

https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01749189/document

Motivation et autorégulation dans l'apprentissage des langues étrangères : contribution à la réflexion sur le rôle du tutorat dans un dispositif d'autoformation partielle

Catherine Simonot

Papers

Motivation et autorégulation dans l'apprentissage des langues étrangères : contribution à la réflexion sur le rôle du tutorat dans un dispositif d'autoformation partielle