Red algae of the Bostrychia radicans/B. moritziana complex are common in warm temperate areas of North America. Phylogenetic analysis of both plastid and mitochondrial DNA sequence data revealed seven distinct evolutionary lineages among worldwide samples. Although only two haplotypes (plastid and mitochondrial) were found in Pacific Mexico, four plastid and 11 mitochondrial haplotypes were found in a similar latitudinal spread along the Atlantic coast of the United States. On the U.S. Atlantic coast only one plastid haplotype was found in northern samples (Connecticut to North Carolina), whereas further south several plastid haplotypes were found. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that this single plastid haplotype found among northern samples could be the result of a northward range expansion possibly since the last glacial maximum. Crossing data of samples within the same evolutionary lineage showed that samples with the same plastid haplotypes were generally sexually compatible; samples with different plastid haplotypes were reproductively isolated. Samples from Pacific Mexico were partially reproductively compatible with some samples from the Atlantic USA (plastid haplotype C) and were more closely related to these samples than these U.S. samples were to other U.S. Atlantic samples. Compatible solute types mirrored the plastid haplotype, with plastid haplotype B having only sorbitol, whereas all other haplotypes also contained dulcitol. Samples from Atlantic USA, with different plastid haplotypes (e.g. B vs. C), but within the same evolutionary lineage, were reproductively isolated from each other. Data indicate that reproductive isolation occurs between and within supported evolutionary lineages and that the number of cryptic species is high.

Multiple cryptic species: molecular diversity and reproductive isolation in the bostrychia radicans/b. moritziana complex (rhodomelaceae, rhodophyta) with focus on north american isolates

Classification of the red algae (Rhodoplantae) has undergone significant change since the seminal work of Harald Kylin, ‘‘Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen,’’ a half century ago. The number of genera has nearly doubled over this time period, at least in part due to recent molecular comparative work. Information gleaned from gene-sequencing analyses has resulted in a red algal classification that reflects a more accurate phylogenetic framework than that based solely on morphological data. This paper tabulates the known 834 genera of red algae today with taxonomic synonyms and literature references reflecting the great change over fifty years.

A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half century after Kylin's “Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen”

The species Bostrychia calliptera and B. pinnata, separated by cortication of main axis, were analysed by sequencing regions from the three genomes (nuclear: large-subunit ribosomal RNA; mitochondrial: cox2–3 spacer; and plastid: Rubisco spacer) to determine the phylogeographic relationships among pantropical isolates. All genetic regions produced congruent phylogenetic relationships, with three major lineages being revealed within this species complex. One lineage comprised isolates from the Americas, another comprised isolates from the Indo-Pacific and a third contained isolates from both the Indo-Pacific and the Americas. Analyses testing for molecular clock-like rates of base substitutions show that certain lineages within the species complex evolve in a clock-like manner. Phylogenies do not support separation of B. calliptera and B. pinnata based on cortication of the main axis, and samples found in close proximity can belong to different highly divergent lineages. Molecular clock calibratio...

Phylogeography of the Bostrychia calliptera-B. pinnata complex (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) and divergence rates based on nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid DNA markers

A catalogue of the marine benthic macroalgae of Fiji is provided. All records are fully referenced, and type localities and local distributions (accompanied by listings of voucher specimens) are provided. Taxonomic notes are also included where appropriate. Records from SUVA-A, UC and BISH examined by the authors, together with updates from recent publications, form the substance of the report. A total of 448 taxa are included, comprising 136 Chlorophyta, 46 Phaeophyta and 266 Rhodophyta. This represents an increase of 116 new records since 1996, of which 39 are newly reported by the authors, and the remainder are recently published records from the Suva Lagoon (29) and the Great Astrolabe Reef and Lagoon (48). Also included are a total of 36 nomenclatural changes made since 1996, a compilation of 33 uncertain records, and a list of 34 species with type localities in Fiji, Samoa and Tonga. Apart from the far more extensive region of Micronesia, the flora of Fiji is the richest in the south and central Pacific Islands.

Catalogue of the marine benthic macroalgae of the Fiji Islands, South Pacific

In laboratory culture, controlled fertilization resulted in mature carposporophytes of the Ceramiales indicated below. Carpospore discharge was observed daily. In the Ceramiaceae Spyridia filamentosa cystocarp-pairs released spores twice in succession (range: 32–537 total spores/carposporophyte). Discharge by all cystocarp-pairs occurred during the dark period of the daily light:dark cycle (12:12 LD) and was completed in 12 d. In reverse cycle (12:12 and 16:8 DL) spore release reversed in 3d. In the Rhodomelaceae Bostrychia moritziana, Pterosiphonia pennata and Murrayella periclados discharged spores from isolated cystocarps over periods up 58 d (ranges: 318–4112, 1051–2271 and 451–3162 total spores/carposporophyte respectively) without any diurnal or long-term rhythmicity. In the Delesseriaceae cystocarps of Caloglossa leprieurii and Caloglossa ogasawaraensis released spores for up to 31 d (ranges: 271–3050 and 565–1286 total spores/carposporophyte respectively). Discharge peaks occurred at 5–7 d intervals with viable cystocarps and spore numbers gradually declining. Thus, in the plants studied, there are at least three patterns of carpospore release from individual mature carposporophytes: a relatively short-term dual release pattern, a long-term non-rhythmic release pattern and a long-term rhythmic release pattern. Results also indicated that excised cystocarps without associated vegetative branches showed a much reduced spore production.

Long-term and diurnal carpospore discharge patterns in the Ceramiaceae, Rhodomelaceae and Delesseriaceae (Rhodophyta)

The genus Bostrychia Montagne s.l. is reassessed. Two genera are recognised. Bostrychia and Stictosiphonia J.D. Hooker et Harvey, differing from eachother by the number of tiers of pericentral cells per axial cell, the mode of cortication and the number of indeterminate axes. These genera are described and keys are provided to all species. Bostrychia consists of 11 species. One of which, B. tenussima R.J. King et Puttock, sp. nov., is newly described from New Zealand and temperate Australia. Detailed descriptions are given for the other six species, B. harveyi, B. moritziana, B. pinnata, B. radicans, B. simpliciuscula and B. tenella, that occur in the Australasian region. Taxonomic notes are provided for the type of species. B. scorpiodes, which is restricted to western Europe, and three lesser known species, B. callipters, B. montahnei and B. pilulifers, from the Central and South American regions. Stictosiphonia is resurrected and emended. This genus consists of six species, two of which have tropical distributions, S. kelanensis (Grunow ex Post) R.J. King et Puttock, comb. nov. (southern and eastern Asia and northern Australia) and S. tangatensis (Post) R.J. King et Puttock, comb. nov. (eastern Africa and northern Australia). The remaining four species, S. hookeri, S. vaga, S. arbuscula (J. D. Hooker et Harvey) R.J. King et Puttock, comb. nov. and S. gracilis R.J. King et Puttock, sp. nov., have a southern Australian, New Zealand or subAntarctic distribution.

Morphological and taxonomy of Bostrychia and Stictosiphonia (Rhodomelaceae/Rhodophyta)

This datasheet on Acacia saligna covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Economics, Further Information.

CF Puttock

Papers

Morphological and taxonomy of Bostrychia and Stictosiphonia (Rhodomelaceae/Rhodophyta)

Acacia saligna (coojong)