Comparison of different drying methods on Chinese ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): Changes in volatiles, chemical profile, antioxidant properties, and microstructure.

The volatile compounds responsible for the flavour of Australian-grown ginger have been extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide. Both fresh and dried ginger samples have been examined and the major effects of the drying process are a reduction in gingerol content, an increase in terpene hydrocarbons and the conversion of some monoterpene alcohols to their corresponding acetates.

© 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

Effects of drying on flavour compounds in Australian-grown ginger (Zingiber officinale).

Absolute stereostructure of carabrane-type sesquiterpene and vasorelaxant-active sesquiterpenes from Zedoariae Rhizoma

To investigate the pharmacokinetics of [6]-shogaol, a pungent ingredient of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by using 14C-[6]-shogaol (labeled compound) and [6]-shogaol (non-labeled compound). When the labeled compound was orally administered to rats, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma radioactivity concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner. When the labeled compound was orally administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 20.0 ± 1.8% of the radioactivity administered was excreted into urine, 64.0 ± 12.9% into feces, and 0.2 ± 0.1% into breath. Thus, more of the radioactivity was excreted into feces than into urine, and almost no radioactivity was excreted into breath. Furthermore, when the labeled compound was orally administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg, cumulative biliary radioactivity excretion over 48 h was 78.5 ± 4.5% of the radioactivity administered, and cumulative urinary radioactivity excretion over 48 h was 11.8 ± 2.7%, showing that about 90% of the dose administered orally was absorbed from the digestive tract and most of the fecal excretion was via biliary excretion. On the other hand, when the non-labeled compound [6]-shogaol was orally administered, the plasma concentration and biliary excretion of the unchanged form were extremely low. When these results are combined with those obtained with the labeled compound, it would suggest that [6]-shogaol is mostly metabolized in the body and excreted as metabolites.

Pharmacokinetics of [6]-shogaol, a pungent ingredient of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Part I).

The original aroma compounds responsible for the fresh ginger flavor were isolated by Amberlite XAD-2 chromatography. Ginger oil was isolated by hydrodistillation from fresh ginger. Fresh ginger was dried and the oil was isolated by hydrodistillation from dry ginger (sun-dried and drier-dried). The oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. It was found that geranial (24.2%) and zingerone (14.2%) were the major compounds in the original aroma of fresh ginger and their contents decreased during processing. It was observed that the hydrocarbon content of the oil increased and the oxygenated compounds decreased as ginger was processed into dry ginger and ginger oil.

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Papers

遠赤外線を用いた生薬の加工調製(第2報)ショウキョウ(Zingiberis Rhizoma)の乾燥過程における成分変動

茶谷 展安

Papers

遠赤外線を用いた生薬の加工調製(第2報)ショウキョウ(Zingiberis Rhizoma)の乾燥過程における成分変動

茶谷展安