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How industrialization and urbanization process impacts on CO2 emissions in China: Evidence from nonparametric additive regression models

Coke oven gas: Availability, properties, purification, and utilization in China

Life cycle assessment of steel production in Poland: a case study

The past and future of sustainable concrete: A critical review and new strategies on cement-based materials

CO2 emission reduction within Chinese iron & steel industry: practices, determinants and performance

The sustainable development against global warming is a challenge faced by societies at global level. For steel industry, the pressure of reducing CO2 emission is likely to last many years. During the past decades, the CO2 emission per ton steel has been reduced mainly due to the improvement of energy efficiency. Entering the 21st century, the steel manufacturing route must have three functions, namely, production of high performance steel products, conversion of energy, and treatment of waste. In the near future, it is expected that existing BF-BOF and EAF routes will be improved, in order to produce high performance steels, increase the use of scrap, and integrate steel industry with other industries for mitigating CO2 emission. In the long term, using carbon-free energy, reducing agents, and storing CO2 securely or converting CO2 into a harmless substance can be presumed for tremendous reduction in CO2 emission.

Emission Mitigation of CO2 in Steel Industry: Current Status and Future Scenarios

Steel works faced increasing demand to minimize the emission of GHGs. The CO2 emissions of COREX and blast furnace iron-making system were compared. It is point out that COREX contribute little to CO2 emission reduction. Comparing to conventional blast furnace iron-making system, direct CO2 emissions of COREX is higher. Considering the credits of export gases for power generation, the total CO2 emission of COREX have advantages only when the COREX is joined with high-efficiency generating units which efficiency is greater than 45% and CO2 emission factor of the grid is higher than 0.9 kgCO2/kWh.

Comparison of CO2 emission between COREX and blast furnace iron-making system.

Sulfur flow for new generation steel manufacturing process is analyzed by the method of material flow analysis, and measures for SO2 emission reduction are put forward as assessment and target intervention of the results. The results of sulfur flow analysis indicate that 90% of sulfur comes from fuels. Sulfur finally discharges from the steel manufacturing route in various steps, and the main point is BF and BOF slag desulfurization. In sintering process, the sulfur is removed by gasification, and sintering process is the main source of SO2 emission. The sulfur content of coke oven gas (COG) is an important factor affecting SO2 emission. Therefore, SO2 emission reduction should be started from the optimization and integration of steel manufacturing route, sulfur burden should be reduced through energy saving and consumption reduction, and the sulfur content of fuel should be controlled. At the same time, BF and BOF slag desulfurization should be optimized further and coke oven gas and sintering exhausted gas desulfurization should be adopted for SO2 emission reduction and reuse of resource, to achieve harmonic coordination of economic, social, and environmental effects for sustainable development.

Chang-qing Hu

Papers

Emission Mitigation of CO2 in Steel Industry: Current Status and Future Scenarios

Comparison of CO2 emission between COREX and blast furnace iron-making system.

Sulfur Flow Analysis for New Generation Steel Manufacturing Process