Wireless sensor networks for agriculture

Internet of Things in agriculture, recent advances and future challenges

Despite the perception people may have regarding the agricultural process, the reality is that today's agriculture industry is data-centered, precise, and smarter than ever. The rapid emergence of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) based technologies redesigned almost every industry including “smart agriculture” which moved the industry from statistical to quantitative approaches. Such revolutionary changes are shaking the existing agriculture methods and creating new opportunities along a range of challenges. This article highlights the potential of wireless sensors and IoT in agriculture, as well as the challenges expected to be faced when integrating this technology with the traditional farming practices. IoT devices and communication techniques associated with wireless sensors encountered in agriculture applications are analyzed in detail. What sensors are available for specific agriculture application, like soil preparation, crop status, irrigation, insect and pest detection are listed. How this technology helping the growers throughout the crop stages, from sowing until harvesting, packing and transportation is explained. Furthermore, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for crop surveillance and other favorable applications such as optimizing crop yield is considered in this article. State-of-the-art IoT-based architectures and platforms used in agriculture are also highlighted wherever suitable. Finally, based on this thorough review, we identify current and future trends of IoT in agriculture and highlight potential research challenges.

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Internet-of-Things (IoT)-Based Smart Agriculture: Toward Making the Fields Talk

The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) has shown a new direction of innovative research in agricultural domain. Being at nascent stage, IoT needs to be widely experimented so as to get widely applied in various agricultural applications. In this paper, I review various potential IoT applications, and the specific issues and challenges associated with IoT deployment for improved farming. To focus on the specific requirements the devices, and wireless communication technologies associated with IoT in agricultural and farming applications are analyzed comprehensively. Investigations are made on those sensor enabled IoT systems that provide intelligent and smart services towards smart agriculture. Various case studies are presented to explore the existing IoT based solutions performed by various organizations and individuals and categories according to their deployment parameters. Related difficulties in these solutions, while identifying the factors for improvement and future road map of work using the IoT are also highlighted.

/pdf/internet-of-things-for-smart-agriculture-technologies-2pwif7243q.pdf

Internet of things for smart agriculture: Technologies, practices and future direction

In recent years there has been several technological advances in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), but energy still remains a paramount resource. The amount of available energy has a direct effect on the performance, functionality and lifetime of WSN. Being bound by cost and size, sensor nodes are usually equipped with limited amount of energy and therefore requires a replacement of batteries occasionally. But replacement might not always be feasible option and in some scenarios might even be prohibitive. This indicates the need for more viable solutions, these involve generating energy at the sensor nodes or have it delivered to them i.e., energy harvesting or wireless energy transfer. The objective of this paper is threefold: first we present a survey on potential renewable energy resources along with their characteristics and applications in WSN. Second, this study also describes various battery recharging techniques and their applications with respect to WSN. Finally, we discuss formidable issues, challenges and future research directions.

Energy replenishment using renewable and traditional energy resources for sustainable wireless sensor networks: A review

This paper proposes an agricultural environment monitoring server system for monitoring information concerning an outdoors agricultural production environment utilizing Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology. The proposed agricultural environment monitoring server system collects environmental and soil information on the outdoors through WSN-based environmental and soil sensors, collects image information through CCTVs, and collects location information using GPS modules. This collected information is converted into a database through the agricultural environment monitoring server consisting of a sensor manager, which manages information collected from the WSN sensors, an image information manager, which manages image information collected from CCTVs, and a GPS manager, which processes location information of the agricultural environment monitoring server system, and provides it to producers. In addition, a solar cell-based power supply is implemented for the server system so that it could be used in agricultural environments with insufficient power infrastructure. This agricultural environment monitoring server system could even monitor the environmental information on the outdoors remotely, and it could be expected that the use of such a system could contribute to increasing crop yields and improving quality in the agricultural field by supporting the decision making of crop producers through analysis of the collected information.

Study on an agricultural environment monitoring server system using Wireless Sensor Networks.

The system proposed in this paper collects temperature of leaves and humidity on leaves of crop. As well as greenhouse environmental information such as temperature, humidity, etc. Crop diseases, especially, have deep relationship not only with indoor environmental factors but also with humidity lasting time on leaves and temperature of leaves. Accordingly, monitoring crop itself is as important as monitoring indoor environments. Using these collected greenhouse environmental data, indoor environments can be more effectively controlled, and monitoring crop itself can contribute to improve productivity and to prevent crops from damages by blight and harmful insects. In addition, it will be possible for farmers to do control plant growth through closely studying relationship between indoor environmental information and monitored information on crop itself. Collected data can be stored to database either in server installed in greenhouse or to remote server. It is made possible to collect information and control effectively and automatically greenhouse in the site or from a remote place through web browser. System components are: temperature sensor, humidity sensor, leaf temperature sensor, leaf humidity sensor, Zigbee based wireless sensor node, relay nodes for automatic control, and data server to store greenhouse information. The system is implemented using low power wireless components, and easy to install.

A Study on Greenhouse Automatic Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

Crop diseases cannot be accurately predicted by merely analyzing individual disease causes. Only through construction of a comprehensive analysis system can users be provided with predictions of highly probable diseases. In this study, cloud-based technology capable of handling the collection, analysis, and prediction of agricultural environment information in one common platform was developed. The proposed Farm as a Service (FaaS) integrated system supports high-level application services by operating and monitoring farms as well as managing associated devices, data, and models. This system registers, connects, and manages Internet of Things (IoT) devices and analyzes environmental and growth information. In addition, the IoT-Hub network model was constructed in this study. This model supports efficient data transfer for each IoT device as well as communication for non-standard products, and exhibits high communication reliability even in poor communication environments. Thus, IoT-Hub ensures the stability of technology specialized for agricultural environments. The integrated agriculture-specialized FaaS system implements specific systems at different levels. The proposed system was verified through design and analysis of a strawberry infection prediction system, which was compared with other infection models.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/4051/pdf

IoT-Based Strawberry Disease Prediction System for Smart Farming.

This paper proposes the greenhouse auto control system controlling greenhouse auto control and collecting environment information in the greenhouse to use temperature, humidity, leaf temperature and leaf wetness. The existing system colleted data depending on only temperature, humidity and was able to check only in the greenhouse. To make up for the weakness of the existing system, this system collects information of internal environment and plants and stores it in database, and then we designed the system to be possible check green house information and control automatically in a remote place by using Web. This system consisted of temperature, humidity sensor wireless sensor node based on zigbee, actuator node database. Also, we checked condition of greenhouse by installing greenhouse and automatically controlled it to prove movement of the greenhouse auto control system.

A Study on the Greenhouse Auto Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

This paper introduces the simple method of the mathematical modeling and simulation of current-voltage characteristics for photovoltaic panel. The aim of this modeling is to simply the nonlinear I-V model of photovoltaic panel to easily apply the model to the circuit simulators such as SPICE. So this paper is finding the parameters for the nonlinear I-V equations based on only the data such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current, voltage and current at Maximum power point and temperature coefficient for voltage and current at the nominal condition or the standard test condition which are obtained from manufacturer's datasheet.

http://onlinepresent.org/proceedings/vol73_2014/22.pdf

Chang-Sun Shin

Papers

Study on an agricultural environment monitoring server system using Wireless Sensor Networks.

A Study on Greenhouse Automatic Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

IoT-Based Strawberry Disease Prediction System for Smart Farming.

A Study on the Greenhouse Auto Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

Simple Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Panels Using Matlab/Simulink