Impatti, adattamento e vulnerabilita Le cause e le responsabilita dei cambiamenti climatici sono state trattate sul numero di ottobre della rivista Cda. Approfondiamo l’argomento presentando il documento: “Cambiamenti climatici 2007: impatti, adattamento e vulnerabilita” votato ad aprile 2007 dal secondo gruppo di lavoro del Comitato Intergovernativo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Si tratta del secondo di tre documenti che compongono il quarto rapporto sui cambiamenti climatici.

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Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.

This article reports on the International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise, or INPBE, in which the thermal conductivity of identical samples of colloidally stable dispersions of nanoparticles or “nanofluids,” was measured by over 30 organizations worldwide, using a variety of experimental approaches, including the transient hot wire method, steady-state methods, and optical methods. The nanofluids tested in the exercise were comprised of aqueous and nonaqueous basefluids, metal and metal oxide particles, near-spherical and elongated particles, at low and high particle concentrations. The data analysis reveals that the data from most organizations lie within a relatively narrow band (±10% or less) about the sample average with only few outliers. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluids was found to increase with particle concentration and aspect ratio, as expected from classical theory. There are (small) systematic differences in the absolute values of the nanofluid thermal conductivity among the various experimental approaches; however, such differences tend to disappear when the data are normalized to the measured thermal conductivity of the basefluid. The effective medium theory developed for dispersed particles by Maxwell in 1881 and recently generalized by Nan et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 81, 6692 (1997)], was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that no anomalous enhancement of thermal conductivity was achieved in the nanofluids tested in this exercise.

A Benchmark Study on the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

Keywords: Mecanique des sols ; Drainage ; Ecoulement souterrain Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08

Applications of soil physics.

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Analysis of observed chaotic data

http://www.saetaequina.com/files/1-s2_0-S0950061811006763-main.pdf

A simple review of soil reinforcement by using natural and synthetic fibers

Effect of grain size on soil moisture evaporation process

Corrigendum to “Application of microbial induced carbonate precipitation for loess surface erosion control” [Engineering Geology 294 (2021) 106387]

Soil Total Suction Sensing by Fiber-Optic Technology

Measurement of tensile strength of clayey soil during drying and cracking

The crushed Callovo-Oxfordian(COx) argillite powder is proposed as an alternative backfilling material in France,which will be used in the engineering barrier of high-level radioactive waste(HLW) repository.In this investigation,one-dimensional oedometer tests are carried out on highly compacted(dry density of 2.0 g/cm3) crushed COx argillite powder.The evolution of axial stress and the volumetric deformation characteristics of the samples are studied during saturation process.The effects of the initial axial stress level and the grain size distribution(GSD) on the hydro-mechanical behaviors are discussed.The results show that the volumetric deformation characteristics of samples greatly depend on the applied initial axial stress during saturation.Under the initial condition of higher axial stress,the monotone collapse behaviors are observed for the coarser powder samples.Whereas the finer powder samples present collapse-swelling-collapse behaviors,and the axial stress decreases firstly,then increases and finally decreases again.The initial lower axial stress causes obvious swelling behaviors for both the coarser and finer powder samples and the corresponding axial stress increases gradually.After saturation,the equilibrium axial stresses of finer powder samples are higher than those of coarser powder samples.The hydraulic conductivity is less than 10-11 m/s for all the studied samples after the dry density of 2.0 g/cm3 is reached.

Chao-Sheng Tang

Papers

Effect of grain size on soil moisture evaporation process

Corrigendum to “Application of microbial induced carbonate precipitation for loess surface erosion control” [Engineering Geology 294 (2021) 106387]

Soil Total Suction Sensing by Fiber-Optic Technology

Measurement of tensile strength of clayey soil during drying and cracking

Stress and strain evolution of remoulded COx argillite during saturation