What makes us modern? This is a classic question in philosophy as well as in political science. However it is often raised without including science and technology in its definition. The argument of this book is that we are modern as long as we split our political process in two - between politics proper, and science and technology. This division allows the formidable expansion of the Western empires. However it has become more and more difficult to maintain this distance between science and politics. Hence the postmodern predicament - the feeling that the modern stance is no longer acceptable but that there is no alternative. The solution, advances one of France's leading sociologists of science, is to realize that we have never been modern to begin with. The comparative anthropology this text provides reintroduces science to the fabric of daily life and aims to make us compatible both with our past and with other cultures wrongly called pre-modern.

We Have Never Been Modern

Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Types of Exchange, Speech Functions, and Grammatical Mood Part 3: Discourses and Representations 7. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Styles 10. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion

http://disciplinas.stoa.usp.br/pluginfile.php/270695/mod_folder/content/0/ii.%20Norman_Fairclough_Analysing_discourse.pdf?forcedownload=1

Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research

Preparing the books to read every day is enjoyable for many people. However, there are still many people who also don't like reading. This is a problem. But, when you can support others to start reading, it will be better. One of the books that can be recommended for new readers is experience and education. This book is not kind of difficult book to read. It can be read and understand by the new readers.

Experience and Education.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/201/4359/899.2.full.pdf

Phenomenology of perception.

How we Think

The forms taken by scientific writing help to determine the very nature of science itself. In this closely reasoned study, Charles Bazerman views the changing forms of scientific writing as solutions to rhetorical problems faced by scientists arguing for their findings. Examining such works as the early "Philosophical Transactions" and Newton's optical writings as well as "Physical Review", Bazerman views the changing forms of scientific writing as solutions to rhetorical problems faced by scientists. The rhetoric of science is, Bazerman demonstrates, an embedded part of scientific activity that interacts with other parts of scientific activity, including social structure and empirical experience. This book presents a comprehensive historical account of the rise and development of the genre, and views these forms in relation to empirical experience. The emergence of the experimental scientific article, Bazerman argues, is a response to the social and rhetorical situation of the 17th and 18th-century natural philosophy activated by the need to communicate findings and the exigencies of conflict that arise from communication. The emergence of the argumentative forms of scientific writing are coincident with the emergence of the scientific community and the development of experimental procedures. All three interactively structure each other. Bazerman shows that later developments of the experimental article, in both the physical and social sciences of the 20th century, have been shaped within the contexts of the various disciplines. An understanding of what forces have shaped the experimental report, what functions the features were designed to serve, and the impact of rhetoric on the rest of scientific activity helps to evaluate all statements of knowledge and increases our ability to make intelligent writing choices. The introductory chapters explore the complex dynamics of situated knowledge-bearing texts. Bazerman then explores the interactions of textual form and social and empirical activity in early science, through examinations of the early "Philosophical Transactions" and Newton's optical writings. Bazerman also examines literate activity within the elaborated social/intellectual/empirical/literary structures of 20th century physics. His study of "Physical Review" examines changing textual form, particularly in relation to the increasing importance of physical theory as a text-structuring element. Bazerman then examines the migration of the experimental report to the social sciences in considering both changing forms and epistemological implications, looking at experimental psychology and political science. He closes by considering directly the implications of the studies in the book for theories of language and language use and for the practice of writing.

Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and Activity of the Experimental Article in Science

Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and the Activity of the Experimental Article in Science

Contents: C. Bazerman, P. Prior, Introduction. Part I:Analyzing Texts. T. Huckin, Content Analysis: What Texts Talk About. P. Eubanks, Poetics and Narrativity: How Texts Tell Stories. E. Barton, Linguistic Discourse Analysis: How the Language in Texts Works. C. Bazerman, Intertextuality: How Texts Rely on Other Texts. M.Z. Buell, Code-Switching and Second Language Writing: How Multiple Codes Are Combined in a Text. A.F. Wysocki, The Multiple Media of Texts: How Onscreen and Paper Texts Incorporate Words, Images, and Other Media. Part II:Analyzing Textual Practices. P. Prior, Tracing Process: How Texts Come Into Being. K. Leander, P. Prior, Speaking and Writing: How Talk and Text Interact in Situated Practices. G. Kamberelis, L. de la Luna, Children's Writing: How Textual Forms, Contextual Forces, and Textual Politics Co-Emerge. J. Selzer, Rhetorical Analysis: Understanding How Texts Persuade Readers. C. Bazerman, Speech Acts, Genres, and Activity Systems: How Texts Organize Activity and People.

http://everythinggirlslove.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/SELZER_-_rhetoric.pdf

What Writing Does and How It Does It: An Introduction to Analyzing Texts and Textual Practices

Part 1 Textual construction of the professions: how natural philosophers can co-operate, Charles Bazeman stories and styles in two molecular biology review articles, Greg Myers the rhetoric of literary criticism, Jeanne Fahnestock and Marie Secor medieval art of letter writing, Les Perelman the role of narrative structure on the transfer of ideas, Ann Harleman Stewart scientific rhetoric in the 19th and early 20th centuries, James P.Zappen. Part 2 The dynamics of discourse communities: toward a sociocognitire model of literacy, Cheryl Geisler social context and socially constructed texts, Carol Berkenkotter et al meaning attribution in ambiguous texts on sociology, Robert A.Schwegler and Linda Shamoon texts in oral context, Gail Stygall. Part 3 The operational force of texts: text and action, James Paradis understanding failures in organizational discourse, Carl G.Herndl et al creating a text - creating a company, Stephen Doheny-Farina intertextuality in tax accounting, Amy J.Devitt a psychiatrist using DSM-III, Lucille Parkinson McCarthy.

Textual dynamics of the professions : historical and contemporary studies of writing in professional communities

Reading, as well as writing, is a constructive activity. Interviews and observations of research physicists reveal reading processes permeated with individual purposes and schema. These schema, or personal maps of the field, include not only consensual knowledge about the phenomena being discussed, but also perceptions as to the most promising lines of current work, methods that are most likely to produce good results, and personal knowledge about the other workers in the field. Schema thus are formed around the active research purposes of the reader. Equally, purposes are framed within the researcher's schematic understanding of the field. With schema and purposes evolving dialectically, texts are read, not as static arguments, but as part of the dynamic process of research activity.

Charles Bazerman

Papers

Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and Activity of the Experimental Article in Science

Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and the Activity of the Experimental Article in Science

What Writing Does and How It Does It: An Introduction to Analyzing Texts and Textual Practices

Textual dynamics of the professions : historical and contemporary studies of writing in professional communities

Physicists Reading Physics: Schema-Laden Purposes and Purpose-Laden Schema