Nutritional properties of microalgae for mariculture

One major challenge to industrial microalgal culturing is to devise and develop technical apparata, cultivation procedures and algal strains susceptible of undergoing substantial increases in efficiency of use of solar energy and carbon dioxide. Despite several research efforts developed to date, there is no such thing as "the best reactor system"- defined, in an absolute fashion, as the one able to achieve maximum productivity with minimum operation costs, irrespective of the biological and chemical system at stake. In fact, choice of the most suitable system is situation-dependent, as both the species of alga available and the final purpose intended will play a role. The need of accurate control impairs use of open-system configurations, so current investigation has focused mostly on closed systems. In this review, several types of closed bioreactors described in the technical literature as able to support production of microalgae are comprehensively presented and duly discussed, using transport phenomenon and process engineering methodological approaches. The text is subdivided into subsections on: reactor design, which includes tubular reactors, flat plate reactors and fermenter-type reactors; and processing parameters, which include gaseous transfer, medium mixing and light requirements.

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Microalgal Reactors: A Review of Enclosed System Designs and Performances

Effect of temperature on growth, chemical composition and fatty acid composition of tropical Australian microalgae grown in batch cultures

Rising ocean temperatures will alter the productivity and composition of marine phytoplankton communities, thereby affecting global biogeochemical cycles Predicting the effects of future ocean warming on biogeochemical cycles depends critically on understanding how existing global temperature variation affects phytoplankton Here we show that variation in phytoplankton temperature optima over 150 degrees of latitude is well explained by a gradient in mean ocean temperature An eco-evolutionary model predicts a similar relationship, suggesting that this pattern is the result of evolutionary adaptation Using mechanistic species distribution models, we find that rising temperatures this century will cause poleward shifts in species' thermal niches and a sharp decline in tropical phytoplankton diversity in the absence of an evolutionary response

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/338/6110/1085.full.pdf

A global pattern of thermal adaptation in marine phytoplankton.

The vertebrate immune system is comprised of numerous distinct and interdependent components Every component has its own inherent protective value, and the final combination of them is likely to be related to an animal’s immunological history and evolutionary development Vertebrate immune system consists of both systemic and mucosal immune compartments, but it is the mucosal immune system which protects the body from the first encounter of pathogens According to anatomical location, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-, skin-, and gill-associated lymphoid tissue and most available studies focus on gut The purpose of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of the immunological defences present in skin mucosa as a very important part of the fish immune system, serving as an anatomical and physiological barrier against external hazards Interest in defence mechanism of fish arises from a need to develop health management tools to support a growing finfish aquaculture industry, while at the same time addressing questions concerning origins and evolution of immunity in vertebrates Increased knowledge of fish mucosal immune system will facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies in fish

/pdf/an-overview-of-the-immunological-defenses-in-fish-skin-563a4msfgs.pdf

An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

Growth and ω3 fatty acid and amino acid composition of microalgae under different temperature regimes

Scuticociliatosis-associated mortalities and histopathology of natural infection in cultured silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus Euphrasen) in Kuwait

An intensive continuous culture system using tubular photobioreactors for producing microalgae

Brachionus plicatilis were mass cultured using 10 m3, 15 m3 and 20 m3 outdoor concrete tanks. Utilization efficiencies for different food combinations using marine yeast (Candida sp., MFD-Y-St.03), baker’s yeast and Chlorella sp. for rotifer production were evaluated. With either marine yeast or baker’s yeast, addition of Chlorella sp., at 0.5 m3 algal culture day−1 10 m−3 culture volume enhanced rotifer production. Under optimum conditions rotifer density was maintained at more than 450 individuals ml−1.

Charles M. James

Papers

Growth and ω3 fatty acid and amino acid composition of microalgae under different temperature regimes

Scuticociliatosis-associated mortalities and histopathology of natural infection in cultured silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus Euphrasen) in Kuwait

An intensive continuous culture system using tubular photobioreactors for producing microalgae

Production of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis for aquaculture in Kuwait

Effect of different cell densities of Chlorella capsulata and a marine Chlorella sp. for feeding the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis