A synthesis gas production system (302) includes a gas turbine (310) having a compressor (312) with an autothermal reformer (308) between the compressor (312) and the turbine (314). The system (302) may include a separator (326) for removing a portion of the mass exiting the compressor (312) prior to its delivery to the autothermal reformer (308). Gaseous light hydrocarbons are delivered to the autothermal reformer (308) through conduit (330) and may be selectively controlled with a valve (331). Synthesis gas production system (302) may be used with a methanol process, ammonia process, a Fischer-Tropsch process (304), or other process involving synthesis gas.

Synthesis gas production system and method

A process for converting a hydrocarbon gas (e.g. natural gas) to syngas which, in turn, is converted into a liquid hydrocarbon product wherein a substantial amount of the heat generated in the process is recovered for use in generating steam needed in the process or for conversion into mechanical energy. Further, tail gas produced by the process is used to fuel the gas turbine which, in turn, is used to power the compressor needed for compressing the air used in the process. By using tail gas to fuel the gas turbine, less of the compressed combustion-air is needed to cool the combustion gases in the turbine and, instead, can be used to provide a portion of the process-air required in the process; thereby possibly saving up to 20 to 30 percent of the horsepower otherwise needed to compress the required volume of the process-air.

Process for converting gas to liquids

A system for processing coal to produce methanol, alcohol-slurry coal for transport, electric power and urea. Raw coal is graded. The downgraded fraction is gasified, producing steam and synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is converted to methanol which is then used to slurry upgraded coal for transport or to produce electric power. The steam output of the gasifier drives an oxygen generator to produce oxygen for the gasifier, when the synthesis gas is used to produce methanol, and also drives an electric power turbine. Natural gas may be used to maximize methanol production. Urea is a by-product.

Process for producing methanol

Medium-load power generating plant with an integrated coal gasification plant, with a gas-turbine power generating plant part connected to the coal gasification plant, with a steam generating plant part connected to the raw-gas heat exchanger installation of the coal gasification plant, and with a methanol synthesis plant. The methanol synthesis plant has parallel-connected modules and is connected to the gas-turbine power generating plant part via a central purified gas distribution system which includes a purified gas continuous-flow interim storage plant connected parallel to the pure gas supply line and is connected on the gas side to the raw-gas heat exchanger installation.

Medium-load power-generating plant with integrated coal gasification plant

Embodiments of the invention provide apparatuses and methods for atomic layer deposition (ALD), such as plasma-enhanced ALD (PE-ALD). In some embodiments, a PE-ALD chamber is provided which includes a chamber lid assembly coupled with a chamber body having a substrate support therein. In one embodiment, the chamber lid assembly has an inlet manifold assembly containing an annular channel encompassing a centralized channel, wherein the centralized channel extends through the inlet manifold assembly, and the inlet manifold assembly further contains injection holes extending from the annular channel, through a sidewall of the centralized channel, and to the centralized channel. The chamber lid assembly further contains a showerhead assembly disposed below the inlet manifold assembly, a water box disposed between the inlet manifold assembly and the showerhead assembly, and a remote plasma system (RPS) disposed above and coupled with the inlet manifold assembly, and in fluid communication with the centralized channel.

Apparatuses and methods for atomic layer deposition

Gas turbines for producing mechanical and electrical power without polluting the atmosphere are fueled by an improved clean fuel gas having a heat of combustion in the range of about 75-350 BTU/SCF and a mole ratio (CO/H2) of at least 0.30. The fuel-gas is produced by partial oxidation of a hydrocarbonaceous fuel in a free-flow noncatalytic fuel-gas generator. Feedstock to the fuel-gas generator may include high ash, high sulfur, hydrocarbonaceous fuels. Pollutants are separated from the process stream of fuel gas, and a CO2- rich stream is recovered. The CO2-rich stream may be used either as a portion of the temperature moderator in the gas generator or in a noncatalytic, thermal, reverse water-gas shift reaction with hydrogen in the process fuel gas stream to increase the mole ratio (CO/H2), or for both purposes. Sensible heat in the clean fuel gas leaving the gas turbine may be recovered by superheating steam. The superheated steam may be used as the working fluid in a steam turbine used to drive an electric generator or a turbocompressor or both. At least a portion of the clean flue gas leaving the turbine may be introduced into the gas generator as a temperature moderating gas. The remainder of the clean flue gas may be safely discharged to the atmopshere without causing pollution.

Gas turbine process utilizing purified fuel gas

Gas turbines for producing mechanical and electrical power without polluting the atmosphere are fueled by an improved clean fuel gas having a heat of combustion of preferably about 70-100 BTU/SCF. Fuel-gas is produced by the partial oxidation of a hydrocarbonaceous fuel in a free-flow non-catalytic fuel gas generator. Feedstock to the fuel gas generator may include high ash, high sulfur, hydrocarbonaceous fuel. Pollutants are separated from the process stream of fuel gas, and a CO2-rich stream is recovered. Optionally, this CO2-rich stream may be used either as a portion of the temperature moderator in the gas generator or in a noncatalytic, thermal, reverse water-gas shift reaction with hydrogen in the process fuel gas stream to increase the mole ratio (CO/H2), or both. The clean fuel gas is burned in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine with a gaseous oxidizing stream which comprises air and a portion of the exhaust flue gas from said power-developing expansion turbine. Preferably, a portion of the exhaust flue gas may be passed through a heat exchanger in indirect heat exchange with the clean flue gas on its way to the gas turbine combustor. A remaining portion of said exhaust flue gas is passed through a heat exchanger in indirect heat exchange with said compressed gaseous oxidizing stream feeding said combustor.

Gas turbine process utilizing purified fuel and recirculated flue gases

Clean HCN-free synthesis gas is produced from raw synthesis gas leaving a partial-oxidation gas generator by a continuous process comprising the steps of partial cooling, scrubbing with condensate, cooling below the dew point by indirect heat exchange preferably with a rich liquid absorbent from a downstream acid-gas-removal zone, and scrubbing with cold aqueous absorbent. The rich HCN-containing aqueous absorbent is then safely processed, without polluting the environment. For example, the HCN-containing aqueous absorbent may be stripped or reacted in the gas generator. Optionally, other acid gases, if present, may be removed from the synthesis gas in said acid-gas-removal zone.

Production of clean HCN-free synthesis gas

SYNTHESIS GAS IS GENERATED BY REACTING A FINELY DIVIDED PREATOMIZED LIQUID OIL SUSPENDED IN STEAM OR OTHER MODERATOR, WITH HIGH PURITY MOLECULAR OXYGEN. THE PROBLEM OF BURNER DETERIORATION IS OVERCOME BY USING A TRIPLE ORIFICE BURNER IN WHICH THE OXYGEN IS CONVEYED THRU A CENTRAL ORIFICE, THE PREATOMIZED OIL-STEAM PHASE IS PASSED THRU AN OUTER ANNULAR ORIFICE COAXIALLY ABOUT THE OXYGEN ORIFICE AND SEPARATED THEREFROM BY A THIRD STREAM OF STEAM OR OTHER MODERATOR WHICH FORMS AN ANNULAR SHEATH SEPARATING THE OXYGEN AND OIL STREAMS FOR A FINITE DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM OF THE NOZZLE TIP WHICH THUS SPACES THE TIP A FINITE DISTANCE FROM THE POINT WHERE COMBUSTION OCCURS.

Synthesis gas generation

A continuous process for producing methanol including the steps of producing synthesis gas i.e. H2 + CO by the partial oxidation of a hydrocarbonaceous feed in a free-flow non-catalytic synthesis gas generator, adjusting the mole ratio (H2/CO) of the process gas stream to a value in the range of about greater than 2 to 12 by noncatalytic thermal direct water-gas shift, cooling the process gas stream by indirect heat exchange with water to produce steam for use in the process, purifying the gas stream preferably with a portion of the methanol product, catalytically reacting the purified synthesis gas stream under methanol producing conditions, and separating methanol from liquid impurities. All steps are preferably carried out at a pressure which is substantially that in the synthesis gas generator less ordinary line drop. Optionally, a portion of the liquid impurities e.g. dimethylether, water, and mixed alcohols, are introduced into the synthesis gas generator to reduce the specific consumption of free-oxygen gas and to increase the yield of synthesis gas.

Charles P. Marion

Papers

Gas turbine process utilizing purified fuel gas

Gas turbine process utilizing purified fuel and recirculated flue gases

Production of clean HCN-free synthesis gas

Synthesis gas generation

Production of methanol