Charles P. O'Brien

TL;DR: The use of the ASI is suggested to match patients with treatments and to promote greater comparability of research findings, suggesting the treatment problems of patients are not necessarily related to the severity of their chemical abuse.

TL;DR: Naltrexone may be a safe and effective adjunct to treatment in alcohol-dependent subjects, particularly in preventing alcohol relapse, and was seen in patients who drank any alcohol while attending outpatient treatment.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that limbic activation is one component of cue-induced cocaine craving and may be similarly involved in appetitive craving for other drugs and for natural rewards.

TL;DR: The work group recommendations for DSM-5 revisions included combining abuse and dependence criteria into a single substance use disorder based on consistent findings from over 200,000 study participants, dropping legal problems and adding craving as criteria, and moving gambling disorders to the chapter formerly reserved for substance-related disorders.

TL;DR: Findings support the effectiveness and specificity of different substance abuse treatments, suggest methodologic reasons for the lack of similar findings in previous studies, and demonstrate the importance of psychiatric factors in substance abuse treatment.