A descriptive model of wear evolution in rolling bearings

We investigate the dynamic behavior of concrete in relation to its composition within a computational framework (FEM). Concrete is modeled using a meso-mechanical approach in which aggregates and mortar are represented explicitly. Both continuum phases are considered to behave elastically, while nucleation, coalescence and propagation of cracks are modeled using the cohesive-element approach. In order to understand the loading-rate sensitivity of concrete, we simulate direct tensile-tests for strain rates ranging 1–1000 s−1. We investigate the influence of aggregate properties (internal ordering, size distribution and toughness) on peak strength and dissipated fracture energy. We show that a rate independent constitutive law captures the general increase of peak strength with strain rate. However, a phenomenological rate-dependent cohesive law is needed to obtain a better agreement with experiments. Furthermore, at low rates, peak strength is sensitive to the inclusions' toughness, while the matrix dominates the mechanical behavior at high rates.

Influence of Meso-structure on the Dynamic Fracture Simulation of Concrete Under Tensile Loading

Rolling element bearings (REBs) play a most critical role in various industrial machinery. A clearly and in-depth understanding of vibration characteristics of REBs is very helpful for condition monitoring and diagnosis applications for the machinery. This work presented a comprehensive review of dynamic modelling and analysis methods for predicting the vibration characteristics of REBs with and without localized and distributed faults. Main capabilities and limitations of those methods for both the localized and distributed faults have been described. Explanations for the generations of the bearing vibrations were also reviewed. A summary of the literature was given followed by the recommendations of current and future research works. Moreover, recent challenges, directions and implications in research works on the dynamic modelling and analysis methods of the localized and distributed faults in REBs have also been conducted.

Overview of dynamic modelling and analysis of rolling element bearings with localized and distributed faults

During the last fifty years the mechanical properties of ceramic materials have been greatly improved, their toughness and strength have been increased and the scatter of strength decreased. Adequate statistical design procedures for brittle materials exist but cracking and brittle fracture of ceramic components still occur very often. In this review the theory of brittle fracture and the underlying assumptions are critically discussed and the measurement procedures of strength are reviewed. It is shown that the strength of materials, the strength of specimens and the strength of components are often quite different properties. Three main factors are identified which – in order to avoid unexpected failure of components – have to be considered much more than in the past: (i) hidden stresses, i.e. stresses caused by thermal strain mismatch, by contact (for example in joints) and internal stresses, (ii) the quality of the component's surfaces and edges and (iii) proper handling of ceramic materials and components. It can clearly be stated that the mechanical properties of many ceramic materials are appropriate even for applications under severe loading conditions but bad or incomplete mechanical design, insufficient surface finish and mishandling are the main reasons for unexpected failure of ceramic components.

On the relationship between ceramic strength and the requirements for mechanical design

http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~mmedraj/papers/hany_roughness.pdf

The effect of initial surface roughness on water droplet erosion behaviour

Hybrid bearings—that is, bearings with ceramic rolling elements and steel rings—are often used in applications with reduced (i.e., boundary or mixed) lubrication conditions. The mechanisms by which hybrid bearings perform significantly better than full-steel ones in these cases are so far unclear, although a number of published works have shown experimental results in which appreciable performance benefits were obtained by the use of hybrid bearings under boundary or mixed lubrication. In this article, the reduced lubrication performance of hybrid rolling contacts, versus full-steel ones, is studied in detail by means of rolling bearing fatigue experiments and a theoretical micropitting model. It is found that the large improvement in surface fatigue resistance of hybrid contacts cannot be explained solely on the basis of the unavoidable differences in some of the roughness parameters existing between the full-steel and hybrid contacts. It is also necessary to take into account a considerable reduction in...

Charlotte Vieillard

Papers

An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Hybrid Bearing Micropitting Performance under Reduced Lubrication

Subsurface propagation of partial ring cracks under rolling contact. Part I. Experimental studies

Cavitation erosion in silicon nitride: Experimental investigations on the mechanism of material degradation

Early stage cavitation erosion within ceramics—An experimental investigation

Subsurface propagation of partial ring cracks under rolling contact: Part II. Fracture mechanics analysis