In this paper, the wear and corrosion resistance of FeNiCoCrMox (x: atomic ratio, x = 0, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) high entropy alloy coatings (HEACs) which prepared by laser cladding (LC) technology on 316 stainless steel (SS) was investigated. According to XRD, SEM, MicroXAM-3D, microhardness tester and electrochemical workstation tests results, the HEACs presented typical DR-ID structure with single FCC solid solution phase. The average microhardness of Mo0, Mo0.15, Mo0.20 and Mo0.25 HEACs increased by 70.1%, 77.0%, 84.9% and 90.5% relative to the substrate. Dry sliding friction and wear tests results showed that the average friction coefficient of the HEACs were significantly lower than that of 316 SS substrate. Meanwhile, it can be found that Mo0.25 HEACs had the lowest average friction coefficient which displayed the best wear resistance. Compared with Mo0 HEAC, the specific wear rates of Mo0.15, Mo0.20 and Mo0.25 HEACs decreased by 11.1%, 27.8% and 38.9% respectively. The electrochemical tests results showed that the corrosion type of HEACs was intergranular corrosion and all HEACs had a higher corrosion resistance than that of 304 SS or 316 SS. Moreover, Mo0.20 HEACs showed the best corrosion resistance due to the enhancing effect of MoO3 on Cr2O3 passivation film. 

New studies on wear and corrosion behavior of laser cladding FeNiCoCrMox high entropy alloy coating: The role of Mo

In this paper, the wear and corrosion resistance of FeNiCoCrMox (x: atomic ratio, x = 0, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) high entropy alloy coatings (HEACs) which prepared by laser cladding (LC) technology on 316 stainless steel (SS) was investigated. According to XRD, SEM, MicroXAM-3D, microhardness tester and electrochemical workstation tests results, the HEACs presented typical DR-ID structure with single FCC solid solution phase. The average microhardness of Mo0, Mo0.15, Mo0.20 and Mo0.25 HEACs increased by 70.1%, 77.0%, 84.9% and 90.5% relative to the substrate. Dry sliding friction and wear tests results showed that the average friction coefficient of the HEACs were significantly lower than that of 316 SS substrate. Meanwhile, it can be found that Mo0.25 HEACs had the lowest average friction coefficient which displayed the best wear resistance. Compared with Mo0 HEAC, the specific wear rates of Mo0.15, Mo0.20 and Mo0.25 HEACs decreased by 11.1%, 27.8% and 38.9% respectively. The electrochemical tests results showed that the corrosion type of HEACs was intergranular corrosion and all HEACs had a higher corrosion resistance than that of 304 SS or 316 SS. Moreover, Mo0.20 HEACs showed the best corrosion resistance due to the enhancing effect of MoO3 on Cr2O3 passivation film.

A review on the steels, alloys/high entropy alloys, composites and coatings used in high temperature wear applications

Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are at an increased risk of complications following influenza-virus infection, seasonal vaccination (SV) is recommended. However, SV with trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) can induce antibody and type-I interferon (IFN) responses, and the effect of anti-DM treatment on these responses is incompletely understood. We evaluated the antibody response and IFN-α expression in individuals with and without type 2 DM (T2DM) following SV, and examined the effects on anti-DM treatment. TIV elicited sero-protection in all groups, but antibody persistency was <8 months, except for the antibody response to B-antigens in non-DM. T2DM impaired the IgG avidity index, and T2DM showed a significantly decreased response against H1N1 and H3N2, in addition to delaying and reducing haemagglutination-inhibition persistency against influenza B-antigens in DM groups treated with metformin (Met-DM) or glibenclamide (GB-DM). Following TIV, the Met-DM and GB-DM groups exhibited reduced IFN-α expression upon stimulation with whole- and split-virion influenza vaccines. Suppression of IFN-α expression in the Met-DM group was associated with a reduction in the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1 pathway and impaired IgG avidity index. Thus, single-dose TIV each year might not be suitable for T2DM. Our data could aid the development of an efficacious influenza vaccine for T2DM.

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Metformin-induced suppression of IFN-α via mTORC1 signalling following seasonal vaccination is associated with impaired antibody responses in type 2 diabetes

Although several studies are available discussing wear of coated cutting inserts during turning, there is still a lack in understanding of the dominating wear mechanisms. Thus, the present work focuses on investigation of wear mechanisms after longitudinal turning with CVD TiCN/α-Al2O3 coated cemented carbide cutting inserts. Three different steels, 42CrMo4, Ck60 and 100Cr6, were used as workpiece materials. In addition, the cutting speed was varied between 150 and 250 m/min. The used cutting inserts were investigated by optical microscopy after different stages of lifetime. Cross-sections within the crater region were prepared to evaluate the crater wear as well as the contribution of plastic deformation of the cemented carbide to the blunting of the cutting edge. Scanning electron microscopy was applied for a detailed investigation of the worn regions. Significant differences in tool life could be observed for the different workpiece materials and cutting speeds, ranging from 3 min for turning of 42CrMo4 to 26 min for 100Cr6 at the highest cutting speed and from 46 min for 42CrMo4 to 94 min for Ck60 at the lowest cutting speed. The differing tool life could be correlated with the microstructure and mechanical properties of the respective workpiece materials.

Influence of cutting speed and workpiece material on the wear mechanisms of CVD TiCN/α-Al2O3 coated cutting inserts during turning

Structure and high temperature wear characteristics of CVD coating on HEA-bonded cermet

Microstructure and properties of WC-17Co cermets prepared using different processing routes

Diabetic wounds severely influence life, facing grand challenges in clinical treatments. The demand for better treatment is growing dramatically. Diabetic wound healing is challenging because of inflammation, angiogenesis disruptions, and tissue remodeling. Based on sequencing results of diabetic patients' skins and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted bioinformatics, we excavate a potential therapeutic agent Trichostatin A (TSA) and a potential target histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) for diabetic wound healing. The molecular docking simulation reveals the favorable interaction between TSA and HDAC4. Taking advantage of the microneedle (MN) minimally invasive way to pierce the skin barrier for drug administration, we develop a swelling modified MN-mediated patch loaded with TSA to reduce the probability of injection-caused iatrogenic secondary damage. The MN-mediated TSA patch has been demonstrated to reduce inflammation, promote tissue regeneration, and inhibit HDAC4, which provides superior results in diabetic wound healing. We envisage that our explored specific drug TSA and the related MN-mediated drug delivery system can provide an innovative approach for diabetic wound treatment with simple, effective, and safe features and find a broad spectrum of applications in related biomedical fields.

Cheng Chen

Papers

Structure and high temperature wear characteristics of CVD coating on HEA-bonded cermet

Microstructure and properties of WC-17Co cermets prepared using different processing routes

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Bioinformatics, Microneedle, and Diabetic Wound Healing: A "New Deal" of an Old Drug.