物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

This paper summarizes the current state of the art and recent trends in software engineering economics. It provides an overview of economic analysis techniques and their applicability to software engineering and management. It surveys the field of software cost estimation, including the major estimation techniques available, the state of the art in algorithmic cost models, and the outstanding research issues in software cost estimation.

Software engineering economics

Expert Systems, Knowledge Development and Utilization, and Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based Model

Business rules in systems analysis: A meta-model and repository system

To effectively perform a change to an existing software system, a software engineer needs to have some understanding of the structure of the system. All too often, though, an engineer must proceed to change a system without sufficient structural information because existing software understanding techniques are unable to help the engineer acquire the desired knowledge within the time and cost constraints specified for the task.
The thesis of this research is that an approach based on summarization can overcome the limitations associated with existing approaches, enabling an engineer to assess, plan, and execute changes to a software system more effectively. Summarization involves the production of overviews of vast amounts of user-selected information in a timely manner. I describe two techniques developed to support the summarization approach. The first technique, the software reflexion model technique, enables an engineer to summarize selected structural information in the context of a task-specific high-level model. The second technique, the lexical source model extraction technique, supports the summarization process by facilitating the scanning and analysis of system artifacts for structural information that is difficult or impossible to extract at low cost using existing approaches. Each of these techniques is lightweight and iterative: the engineer is able to quickly and easily gain access to partial and approximate structural information, and may then balance the completeness and accuracy of the information needed with the cost of further applying the technique. I demonstrate the viability of the approach by describing its use on a variety of change tasks and systems, including the use of the reflexion model technique by an engineer at Microsoft Corporation to aid with an experimental reengineering of the million-line Excel spreadsheet product.

Lightweight structural summarization as an aid to software evolution

In describing a software system, there are three elements that are always considered: objects, functional requirements and business policies. In the traditional approach to software development, these elements are often mixed with one another in a system's definition in such a way that their meanings are embedded into the software, making their identification very difficult. This has the knock-on effect of making maintenance, and hence evolution, difficult.

/pdf/a-framework-for-software-maintenance-2yw7j3grqp.pdf

A framework for software maintenance

The current trend in expert system building is domain-specific, i.e. there is one expert system for each problem domain. The increased involvement of computers in the decision-making process will inevitably lead to increased demand for expert systems. Based on the current approach to expert systems building, there will be a further proliferation of domain-specific expert systems. This is because each application area produces an expert system tailored to its requirements. This manner of producing expert systems is inadequate and an increased expectation in the performance of expert systems will eventually call for a new approach to constructing them. This paper examines the growth in the use of expert systems, looks into the limitations and problems associated with present-day domain-specific expert systems and suggests a multi-domain expert system architecture as a solution to the problem of increasingly disjointed domain-specific expert systems resulting from uncontrolled proliferation.

Chiang-Choon Danny Poo

Papers

A framework for software maintenance

Multi‐domain expert systems