This 1966 paperback edition of a publication which first appeared in 1963 has by now been widely reviewed as a worthy contribution to the sociological study of deviant behavior. Its current appearance as a paperback is a testimonial both to the quality of the work and to the prominence of deviant behavior in this generation. In general the author places deviance in perspective, identifies types of deviant behavior, considers the role of rule makers and enforcers, and some of the problems in studying deviance. In addition, he develops a sequential model of deviance relying on the concept of career, a concept originally developed in studies of occupations. In his study of a particular kind of deviance, the use of marihuana, the author posits and tests systematically an hypothesis about the genesis of marihuana use for pleasure. The hypothesis traces the sequence of changes in individual attitude

Outsiders Studies in the Sociology of Deviance.

basic research and clinical data in an attempt to derive a cohesive model which explains the behavioral effects of the drug. Johnson is an experimental psychologist, and his work underlies many of the chapters which suggest that lithium decreases the behavioral response to novel external stimuli. He then utilizes this foundation to propose a cognitive model for lithium's anti-manic action, its inhibition of violent impulsivity, and its prophylactic effects in recurrent depression. Previous formulations which were clinically based, such as that of Mabel Blake Cohen and her associates, stressed the primacy of depression and noted the \"manic defense\" as an attempt to ward off intolerable depression. In direct contrast, Johnson views mania as the primary disturbance in bipolar disorder. He considers depression in bipolar disease as an over-zealous homeostatic inhibitory responsf to a maniaassociated cognitive overload. Consistent with this, he believes, lit lum exerts its anti-manic effect by decreasing cognitive processing in a manner analogous to his animal studies. Johnson also suggests that lithium exerts its prophylactic effect in recurrent depressions by treating subclinical mania. These concepts are supported by the work of Johnson's associate, Kukopulos, to whom the book is dedicated. The bulk of the research which describes the cognitive disturbance in mania is complex, however, and uncomfortably open to multiple interpretations. Recognized as a preliminary effort, Johnson's formulation may help to guide further research. Although Johnson clearly traces lithium actions through a broad range of subjects, his discussion of the neurophysiological aspects of this drug is notably spotty. In particular, Johnson ignores the work of Svensson, DeMontigny, Aghajanian, and others who suggest that serotonergic systems may play an important role in the antidepressant actions of lithium. As a result, he fails to discuss one of the most important current uses of lithium: as an agent used in conjunction with antidepressant medications to increase treatment response in medication-resistant forms of depression. Lithium augmentation of antidepressant medication also challenges the formulation presented by Johnson. This formulation suggests that lithium should have no therapeutic value in patients, such as those with endogenous depression, who already \"under-process\" cognitive information. The omission of lithium augmentation in depression is clearly unfortunate in this text. Overall, this volume demonstrates the benefits of a single-authored text. It it clearly organized and readable. The bibliography is also broad and useful. In this book, Johnson primarily addresses a research audience, and his model seems designed to stimulate thought rather than to improve clinical technique. In this capacity, his book will be of most interest to behavioral psychologists. Other books, focusing purely on clinical data, may be more useful to clinicians. Nevertheless, the clear organization, the large bibliography, and the thoughtful presentation may make this text a useful addition to a clinical library as well.

The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World.

Continuous casting process for the production of hollow ingot using an improved direct chill casting equipment having a molding system comprising a hollow mold and a movable platform, wherein at least one core and a pipe for introducing outer air are provided, said core being made from a refractory material unwettable with a molten metal and having a convergent taper at the side and an air runner for introducing outer air, which is packed with an air-permeable material, at the bottom, and said pipe for introducing outer air extending upwards from the air runner and passing through the core. The continuous casting process comprises continuously pouring a molten metal into a space surrounded with the hollow mold and the core of the above equipment; cooling the molten metal only at the side wall of the hollow mold without cooling at the side of the core; thereby solidifying the molten metal to form an ingot having a hollow, wherein the interface of the frozen metal and the liquid metal is present at the position around the core; and continuously lowering the ingot thus formed while introducing spontaneously outer air into the hollow part via the pipe for introducing outer air and the air runner of the core.

Regarding the Pain of Others

Writing at the Margin is primarily a collection of revisions of recently published articles, some coauthored, by a distinguished medical anthropologist-psychiatrist. This review will describe only those sections that are relevant to medicine. While medicine is universal in human societies, healing customs and traditions vary widely both among and within societies. According to Kleinman, biomedicine does not accept this multiplicity of healing systems but maintains a "single-minded approach to illness and care," with an almost total emphasis on the physical aspects of disease. To biomedicine "the psychological, social, and moral are only so many superficial layers of epiphenomenal cover that disguise the bedrock of truth, the ultimately natural substance in pathology and therapy." While the biomedical approach has advantages, it fails to incorporate "the patient's experience of suffering," to utilize the "charismatic powers of the healer-patient relationship" or to take advantage of "the therapeutic powers within patients, denying efficacy to

Writing at the Margin: Discourse Between Anthropology and Medicine

On social suffering

O conceito de sofrimento social emergiu nas ultimas decadas como um novo paradigma das ciencias sociais e como lente particularmente apropriada para olhar as relacoes profundas entre a experiencia subjetiva do mal-estar e os processos historicos e sociais mais amplos. O presente artigo, e os contributos aqui reunidos, pretendem abordar o sofrimento social sob tres pontos de vista que consideramos fundamentais: 1) a forma paradoxal como e retirado ou atribuido o poder as pessoas; 2) a apropriacao, por parte das instituicoes que criam as condicoes para que o sofrimento tenha lugar, das teorias “salvificas” sobre a utilidade do sofrimento com vista a um bem-estar maior e futuro da humanidade; 3) a evidencia de quanto a assistencia, os cuidados, o Estado-social, a protecao humanitaria e ate os direitos, podem ser manipulados e imbricados na definicao e organizacao das modalidades de pertenca ou exclusao nacional, ate ao extremo da reducao do individuo a sua “vida nua”.

/pdf/sofrimento-social-idiomas-da-exclusao-e-politicas-do-18vvigbyud.pdf

Sofrimento social: idiomas da exclusão e políticas do assistencialismo

‘Woundscapes’ is an exhibition collaboratively produced by 11 anthropologists and artists from different countries, whose work focuses on the reproduction of particular gazes, stereotypes and individual memories that are all connected to respective diasporic dynamics. The works presented at the exhibition attempted to map different forms of dealing with, understanding and expressing ‘suffering’. The works examined individual and collective trajectories of ‘suffering’ and related ‘cure’ strategies in the healthcare market of Greater Lisbon, and different forms and tactics of legitimisation, resistance or reconceptualisation of social positions. The aim of this article is to 1) present the conceptual design of the research underpinning the exhibition; 2) explore the curatorial process of attempting to elude the very distance between object and representation, between ‘inside’ and ‘outside’, and, thus, to elude the ever-encompassing metaphor of the north–south divide, to give visitors the opportunity...

‘Woundscapes’: suffering, creativity and bare life – practices and processes of an ethnography-based art exhibition

Purpose – In the public arena, immigrants are easily recognized as “vulnerable” but also “as a risk” for the social environment. They are associated with stigmatized infectious‐contagious health conditions, with deviant or disturbed behaviours, with poor education and hygiene, and with dubious morality and parental competence. This paper aims to analyse the complex array of targeted programmes designed in the last decades in Europe in order to intervene on immigrants' health practices and lifestyles.Design/methodology/approach – The paper was designed to engage with a critical approach to the healthcare sector, rendering visible the rationale behind such programmes of intervention by focusing on the relations between the representation of immigrants' health, the symbolic and physical borders of the body and the nation, the welfare state, and the contemporary politics of care.Findings – The paper highlights: the racialization of public health and social care policy, which have been constituting migrant pop...

The care of the immigrant self: technologies of citizenship and the healthcare sector

A patologização da diversidade. uma reflexão antropológica sobre a noção de culture-bound syndrome

/pdf/migrantes-e-saude-mental-a-construcao-da-competencia-2884ykqxaw.pdf

Chiara Pussetti

Papers

Sofrimento social: idiomas da exclusão e políticas do assistencialismo

‘Woundscapes’: suffering, creativity and bare life – practices and processes of an ethnography-based art exhibition

The care of the immigrant self: technologies of citizenship and the healthcare sector

A patologização da diversidade. uma reflexão antropológica sobre a noção de culture-bound syndrome

Migrantes e saúde mental: a construção da competência cultural