Three experiments were conducted on calves in which the efficacy of vaccination with live Pasteurella haemolytica in aerosol was tested by challenge with sequential aerosol exposure to bovine herpesvirus 1 and P. haemolytica. Neither single nor multiple aerosol vaccinations protected against the experimental disease. Macroscopically recognizable rhinitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis and pneumonia occurred in both controls and vaccinates. In one experiment as many as three aerosol vaccinations with live P. haemolytica for up to 20 minutes failed to elicit clinical signs in exposed calves. Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated less frequently from tissues of vaccinated calves than from those of nonvaccinated calves. Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from deep nasal swabs of 4/14 vaccinated calves five and six days after viral exposure. It was concluded that although bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccination has been shown previously to prevent the experimental disease produced by bovine herpesvirus 1-P. haemolytica, live P. haemolytica vaccination by aerosol will not provide the same protection.

Aerosol vaccination of calves with pasteurella haemolytica against experimental respiratory disease.

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis spore-forming bacterium. Since it is primarily a disease of animals, the control in animals, and humans depend on the prevention in livestock, principally cattle, sheep, and goats. Most veterinary vaccines utilize the toxigenic, uncapsulated (pXO1+/pXO2-) B. anthracis strain 34F2 which affords protection through the production of neutralizing antibodies directed to the toxin components Protective Antigen (PA), Lethal Factor (LF), and Edema Factor (EF). The titration of specific antibodies in sera of vaccinated animals is crucial to evaluate the efficacy of the vaccination and to obtain epidemiological information for an effective anthrax surveillance. In this study, we developed a Sterne-based Complement Fixation Test (CFT) to detect specific antibodies induced in animals vaccinated with Sterne 34F2. We assessed its efficacy in laboratory animals and under field conditions by monitoring the humoral response induced by vaccination in cattle. The results indicated that the Sterne-based CFT is able to correctly identify vaccinated animals. It proved to be a very sensitive and specific test. Moreover, the Sterne-based CFT offers many benefits with regard to costs, standardization and reproducibility of the assay procedure.

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Development of a Sterne-Based Complement Fixation Test to Monitor the Humoral Response Induced by Anthrax Vaccines

An indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of antibodies to Clostridium chauvoei.

An enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA) was developedtodetectspecific antitoxin ClostridiumperfringenstypeA .Itwas basedon theuseofpurifiedalphatoxinofClostridiumperfringenstypeA asthecoatingantigen,which was thenlinkedtospecific alphaantitoxin .Horse raddishperoxidaselabelledIgG was usedastheconjugate, and2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) asthesubstrate .The ELISA was usedtoevaluatevaccination results on cattleandbuffaloesagainstenterotoxaemiacausedby Clostridiumperfringens typeA .

Evaluasi respon antibodi sapi dan kerbau terhadap vaksin clostridium perfringens tipe a dengan menggunakan elisa

Complement fixing antibodies could be detected in the sera of cattle vaccinated with combined living blackleg-anthrax vaccine by modified complement fixation tests. Conventional direct complement fixation tests with bovine antibody-antigen systems often caused false negative reactions; however, in the modified test, when guinea pig complement was supplemented with fresh unheated normal rabbit serum, positive reactions were obtained and the sensitivity of the test was increased without loss of specificity.

Cho Hj

Papers

Demonstration of Complement Fixing Antibody in the Sera of Cattle Vaccinated with Combined Living Blackleg-anthrax Vaccine.