Showing papers by "Chris Harris published in 1992"

Nystagmus in infancy.

Abstract: Spontaneous nystagmus in infants may be present at birth but more frequently appears in the first 6 months.' We present a classification in which nystagmus with an onset before 6 months is called early onset nystagmus (EON) and is divided into three categories: sensory defect nystagmus (SDN) in which there is a proven sensory impairment, congenital idiopathic nystagmus (CIN) (sometimes called 'motor nystagmus'2) in which no visual or neurological impairment can be found, and neurological nystagmus (NN) which is associated with neurological disease. Though the distinction between SDN and CIN is made by many authors,36 they are sometimes collectively called congenital nystagmus. The presentation of all types ofnystagmus can be similar, but in infants it is important to differentiate between SDN and CIN because of the different underlying defects, investigation, management, and genetic counselling (Fig 1).

Aspects of Albinism

Abstract: Genetic, clinical and electrophysiological aspects of albinism are described. Emphasis is placed on electrophysiological features which help to distinguish albinism from other clinical conditions, and on stimulating and recording factors which can affect the clarity of VEP results.

The objective assessment of abnormal eye movements in infants and young children.

Abstract: Recordings of eye movements from infants and young children can be of clinical value in patients with certain neuro-ophthalmological problems. This requires that the characteristics of normal eye movements in this same age-group are known. Using an electro-oculographic technique in a specially developed laboratory we have been able to assess the saccades, binocular and monocular smooth pursuit, binocular and monocular optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), and sustained vestibular rotation in infants and young children; these recordings were performed in one session lasting approximately 35 minutes. The recordings from four children with abnormal eye movements (delayed visual maturation, hemicerebral cyst, congenital ocular motor apraxia, and gaze-paretic nystagmus) are briefly reported and compared to normal eye movements of age-related children. The limitations of this procedure are discussed.

Eye movement tics.

Abstract: An 8-year-old girl presented with opsoclonus-like eye movement and an 18 month history of intermittent facial tics. Investigations were all normal. Electro-oculography showed the eye movements to be of variable amplitude (10-40 degrees), with no intersaccadic interval, and with a frequency of 3-4 Hz. Saccades, smooth pursuit, optokinetic, and vestibular reflexes were all normal. These abnormal eye movements eventually disappeared. It is thought that they were a form of ocular tics.

The use of video in assessing and illustrating abnormal eye movements in young children.

Abstract: Eye movement studies can be useful in neuro-ophthalmological investigations of infants and young children. In our laboratory we use a combination of an electro-oculogram and video to record eye movements. A composite video image is created consisting of an image of the electro-oculographic eye movement trace superimposed on an image of the patient's eyes and face. This permits the qualitative clinical appearance of the case to be illustrated simultaneously with the quantitative eye movement trace.