Safety issues and mechanisms of lithium-ion battery cell upon mechanical abusive loading: A review

Mechanistic modeling of biocorrosion caused by biofilms of sulfate reducing bacteria and acid producing bacteria.

This work is part of a LIFE project to treat urban wastewater from Aguas da Figueira (AdF, Figueira da Foz, PT) using a vertical tubular photobioreactor (PBR) prototype (150 L), to be scaled up and integrated in a waste water treatment plant (WWTP). The PBR was inoculated with three different microalgae: Chlorella vulgaris ( Cv ), Scenedesmus obliquus ( Sc ) and Consortium C ( ConsC ), isolated from the effluent. The study intends to find the best microalga in terms of wastewater remediation, biomass productivity and quality, for further uses, such as biofuel, biofertilizer and bioplastic production. The experiments achieved volumetric productivities of 0.1 g/L·d ( Cv ), 0.4 g/L·d ( Sc ) and 0.9 g/L·d ( ConsC ). The maximum removals attained by Cv , Sc and ConsC were: 84, 95 and 98% for total nitrogen; 95, 92 and 100% for phosphorus; and 36, 63 and 64% for COD, respectively. The treated water had values that are in accordance with environmental legislation (Directive 98/15/CE). Electrocoagulation was tested and resulted in an energy saving of 89%, compared with centrifugation alone. For drying the biomass, a solar dryer was used. Costs of overall processes versus conventional technologies are discussed and compared with other facilities and target values.

Microalgae biomass production using wastewater: Treatment and costs

The physical properties of digesta may influence mixing, efficiency of digestion, and absorption within the lumen of the intestine. We review how the physical properties of digesta change during transit through the various segments of the intestine, and how their influence on flow and mixing may be modulated by peristaltic activity. We examine how, in more fluid digesta, the solid and liquid phases interact to influence flow and mixing. Similarly, how in viscid digesta, shear strength, plasticity and elasticity of contained particulate material may influence the permeation of the fluid phase and secretions into and out of the digesta bolus. The manner in which the solid and liquid phases of digesta interact in a partly gaseous environment, such as the lower bowel, to influence bolus cohesion is also examined. Those mechanisms that promote the formation of a less viscous layer at the mucosal interface to promote plug flow are reviewed, and their effect on the efficiency of mixing and digestion discussed. It is recommended that in any future work investigating the character of mixing in the intestine, a wider range of appropriate digesta properties be measured and that, in investigations of intestinal movement, perfusates with similar characteristics to digesta be used.

Physical characteristics of digesta and their influence on flow and mixing in the mammalian intestine: a review

Measuring moisture diffusivity of potato and carrot (core and cortex) during convective hot air and isothermal drying

The comprehensive, unified, up-to-date guide to transport and separation processes.Today, chemical engineering professionals need a thorough understanding of momentum, heat, and mass transfer processes, as well as separation processes. Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles, Fourth Edition offers a unified and up-to-date treatment of all these topics. Thoroughly updated to reflect the field's latest methods and applications, it covers both fundamental principles and practical applications.Part 1 covers the essential principles underlying transport processes: momentum transfer; steady-state and unsteady-state heat transfer; and mass transfer, including both unsteady-state and convective mass transfer. Part 2 covers key separation processes, including evaporation, drying, humidification, absorption, distillation, adsorption, ion exchange, extraction, leaching, crystallization, dialysis, gas membrane separation, reverse osmosis, filtration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, settling, centrifugal separation, and more. This edition's extensive updates and enhancements include: A more thorough coverage of momentum, heat, and mass transport processes Detailed new coverage of separation process applications Greatly expanded coverage of momentum transfer, including fluidized beds and non-Newtonian fluids More detailed discussions of mass transfer, absorption, distillation, liquid-liquid extraction, and crystallization Extensive new coverage of membrane separation processes and gas-membrane theoryTransport Processes and Separation Process Principles, Fourth Edition also features more than 240 example problems and over 550 homework problems reflecting the field's current methods and applications.

Christie Geankoplis

Papers

Transport processes and separation process principles (includes unit operations) fourth edition