자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Lincoln, Yvonna, and Egon Guba, "Postpositivism and the Naturalist Paradigm," pp. 14-46 in Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985.*

Course Description In this course, we will explore the question of the actual and potential connections between democracy and education. Our focus of attention will be placed on a critical examination of democratic theory and its implications for the civic education roles and contributions of teachers, adult educators, community development practitioners, and community organizers. We will survey and deal critically with a range of competing conceptions of democracy, variously described as classical, republican, liberal, radical, marxist, neomarxist, pragmatist, feminist, populist, pluralist, postmodern, and/or participatory. Using narrative inquiry as a means for illuminating and interpreting contemporary practice, we will analyze the implications of different conceptions of democracy for the practical work of civic education.

Democracy and education.

http://library.um.ac.id/free-contents/downloadpdf.php/buku/focus-groups-as-qualitative-research-by-morgan-david-l-11476.pdf

Focus groups as qualitative research / by Morgan, David L.

Abbreviated Contents Figures and Tables Preface Introduction and Examples Concepts Relevant to Information Behavior Models, Paradigms, and Theories in the Study of Information Behavior Methods for Studying Information Behavior Research Results and Reflections Appendix: Glossary Appendix: Questions for Discussion and Application References Index

Looking for Information: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs and Behavior

The article reports phase 1 of a two-year study that focused on seeking and use of information by students at various stages of their secondary education. The project used a large qualitative sample selected from four Australian schools and was undertaken during 2006 as part of a wider project concerned with using information creatively and effectively to minimize plagiarism. The field work included observation of students undertaking an assignment, two interviews with students, and the analysis of the completed assignments. Topics covered and reported, in the context of the available literature, include: preferences for information sources, self-perception of information skills, help from other people, trust in and perceived reliability of sources, attitudes to information seeking, recording and use of information, and attribution of information sources. Criteria for good practice include the avoidance of plagiarism by students, general attitudes to information seeking and use, and awareness of the need for an evaluative, critical approach to information. The responses of the students who plagiarised most are examined towards the end of the article. The discussion and conclusion explore the issues in greater depth, provide recommendations for future improvements, and outline the remaining two phases of the project.

/pdf/information-seeking-and-use-by-secondary-students-the-link-194sudn35p.pdf

Information Seeking and Use by Secondary Students: The Link between Good Practice and the Avoidance of Plagiarism.

How do online investors seek information, and what does this mean for regulation?

Breast cancer information needs and seeking: Towards an intelligent, user sensitive portal to breast cancer knowledge

Un nombre assez considerable de personnes investissent en ligne. Les avis juridiques indiquent que la disponibilite et l’utilisation d’information joue un role cle dans la securite des transactions. Un projet multidisciplinaire a entrepris l’investigation des comportements de recherche d’information chez les investisseurs, avec en vue la possibilite d’une nouvelle reglementation. Une approche mixte a ete utilisee. Elle comportait une enquete contenant cinq-cent-vingt reponses fournissant un comptage de la frequence des activites d’investissement et de recherche d’information. Des entrevues individuelles, menees avec vingt-six participants selectionnes pour representer les repondants de l’enquete, ont ouvert des perspectives approfondies. L’analyse a identifie des themes, des categories et les citations correspondantes. L’enquete a montre qu’Internet est le fournisseur principal d’information, et que certains sites web d’investisseurs en ligne sont particulierement frequentes. Les autres importantes sources d’information sont les journaux traditionnels, les revues et les medias electroniques. Sur le plan qualitatif, l’indicateur a montre que les sources cles doivent leur importance a la commodite, au contenu, a la vitesse de livraison, et a l’exactitude et la fiabilite. D’autres problemes importants sont la surcharge d’information, la prise de risques en lien avec l’analyse systematique dans l’utilisation d’information, et l’utilisation de sources d’information interpersonnelles. La discussion met en lumiere la question inexploree, chez les investisseurs en ligne, de l’impact de la structure des sources web sur la construction des connaissances. Sur le plan legal, cette etude donne des raisons d’etre optimiste, car les investisseurs en ligne participants se sont montres preoccupes de trouver de l’information et prets pour l’education des investisseurs.
	 Abstract: A sizeable proportion of people invest online. Legal opinion is that information availability and use play a key role in its safety. A multidisciplinary project investigated the information-seeking behaviour of online investors, with possible further regulation in mind. The mixed-methods approach included a survey, with 520 responses providing frequency counts about investment activity and information seeking. Individual interviews with 26 participants, selected to represent the survey respondents, provided in-depth perspectives. Analysis identified themes, categories, and related quotations. The survey indicated that the Internet was the major provider of information, with websites of online investors particularly widely used. Other important information sources were traditional newspapers and journals, and the electronic media. The qualitative component indicated that key sources were important because of convenience, content, speed of delivery, and accuracy/reliability. Other important issues included information overload, risk taking in relation to systematic analysis using information, and use of interpersonal information sources. The discussion highlights the unexplored issue of the impact of the structure of Web sources on knowledge building of online investors. From the legal perspective, the study provides grounds for optimism because online investor participants appeared to be relatively engaged with information and amenable to investor education.

/pdf/empowered-or-vulnerable-the-role-of-information-for-1n4bj2fz6q.pdf

Empowered or vulnerable? The role of information for Australian online investors

The article reports phase 2 of a two-year study, dubbed the Smart Information Use project, the focus of which was appropriate seeking and use of information by students at various stages of their high school education, along with the avoidance of plagiarism. In four Australian high schools, teacher librarians and classroom teachers developed and trialed strategies to teach students how to avoid plagiarism. Each school used action research and one of two pedagogical approaches, referred to as “instructional practice” and “inquiry learning.” University researchers undertook evaluation using an interpretivist/constructivist framework. Students, teachers, and teacher librarians were interviewed, mostly in focus groups. The strategies used in both approaches are described, along with the findings of the evaluation. Both approaches were found to help students to avoid plagiarism. The discussion section includes student and teacher predictions about changes in future practice, the importance of student engagement with topics, and assessment issues. The conclusion discusses the lessons learned, focusing particularly on the need for a whole-school policy if plagiarism is to be counteracted. Good collaboration between teachers and teacher librarians is crucial. The two pedagogical approaches, taken together, provide a powerful repertoire of ideas that can be implemented over time in any secondary school anywhere.

/pdf/generating-knowledge-and-avoiding-plagiarism-smart-t77g2hzwsh.pdf

Christina Mary Crawford Williamson

Papers

Information Seeking and Use by Secondary Students: The Link between Good Practice and the Avoidance of Plagiarism.

How do online investors seek information, and what does this mean for regulation?

Breast cancer information needs and seeking: Towards an intelligent, user sensitive portal to breast cancer knowledge

Empowered or vulnerable? The role of information for Australian online investors

Generating Knowledge and Avoiding Plagiarism: Smart Information Use by High School Students.