The deployment of energy storage systems (ESSs) is a significant avenue for maximising the energy efficiency of a distribution network, and overall network performance can be enhanced by their optimal placement, sizing, and operation. An optimally sized and placed ESS can facilitate peak energy demand fulfilment, enhance the benefits from the integration of renewables and distributed energy sources, aid power quality management, and reduce distribution network expansion costs. This paper provides an overview of optimal ESS placement, sizing, and operation. It considers a range of grid scenarios, targeted performance objectives, applied strategies, ESS types, and advantages and limitations of the proposed systems and approaches. While batteries are widely used as ESSs in various applications, the detailed comparative analysis of ESS technical characteristics suggests that flywheel energy storage (FES) also warrants consideration in some distribution network scenarios. This research provides recommendations for related requirements or procedures, appropriate ESS selection, smart ESS charging and discharging, ESS sizing, placement and operation, and power quality issues. Furthermore, this study identifies future research opportunities in relation to challenges for optimal ESS placement planning, development and implementation issues, optimisation techniques, social impacts, and energy security.

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Overview of energy storage systems in distribution networks: Placement, sizing, operation, and power quality

Local electricity market designs for peer-to-peer trading: The role of battery flexibility

It is an exciting time for power systems as there are many ground-breaking changes happening simultaneously. There is a global concensus in increasing the share of renewable energy-based generation in the overall mix, transitioning to a more environmental-friendly transportation with electric vehicles as well as liberalizing the electricity markets, much to the distaste of traditional utility companies. All of these changes are against the status quo and introduce new paradigms in the way the power systems operate. The generation penetrates distribution networks, renewables introduce intermittency, and liberalized markets need more competitive operation with the existing assets. All of these challenges require using some sort of storage device to develop viable power system operation solutions. There are different types of storage systems with different costs, operation characteristics, and potential applications. Understanding these is vital for the future design of power systems whether it be for short-term transient operation or long-term generation planning. In this paper, the state-of-the-art storage systems and their characteristics are thoroughly reviewed along with the cutting edge research prototypes. Based on their architectures, capacities, and operation characteristics, the potential application fields are identified. Finally, the research fields that are related to energy storage systems are studied with their impacts on the future of power systems.

Comparative Review of Energy Storage Systems, Their Roles, and Impacts on Future Power Systems

Prosumer integration in wholesale electricity markets: Synergies of peer-to-peer trade and residential storage

Review on sensible thermal energy storage for industrial solar applications and sustainability aspects

Traditional energy grid designs marginalize the value of information and energy storage, but a truly dynamic power grid requires both. The authors support defining energy storage as a distinct asset class within the electric grid system, supported with effective regulatory and financial policies for development and deployment within a storage-based smart grid system in which storage is placed in a central role. This would enhance load and market operations through realization of the full range and value of services from storage technologies. Energy storage technologies provide significant opportunities to further enhance the efficiency and operation of the grid. Its ability to provide application-specific energy services across different components of the grid make it uniquely suited to respond quickly and effectively to signals throughout the smart grid. Therefore, energy storage as a distinct asset class will increase the value of storage investments while enhancing the operation of the smart grid. To further this goal, storage requires policy support. Research, development and demonstration (RDD investment tax credits will accelerate investment in storage projects; and continued market deregulation will augment revenue streams, enhance competition, and provide more accurate prices for storage services.

Christopher A. Brehm

Papers

Smart grid and energy storage: Policy recommendations