This invention provides methods of monitoring the expression levels of a multiplicity of genes. The methods involve hybridizing a nucleic acid sample to a high density array of oligonucleotide probes where the high density array contains oligonucleotide probes complementary to subsequences of target nucleic acids in the nucleic acid sample. In one embodiment, the method involves providing a pool of target nucleic acids comprising RNA transcripts of one or more target genes, or nucleic acids derived from the RNA transcripts, hybridizing said pool of nucleic acids to an array of oligonucleotide probes immobilized on surface, where the array comprising more than 100 different oligonucleotides and each different oligonucleotide is localized in a predetermined region of the surface, the density of the different oligonucleotides is greater than about 60 different oligonucleotides per 1 cm2, and the oligonucleotide probes are complementary to the RNA transcripts or nucleic acids derived from the RNA transcripts; and quantifying the hybridized nucleic acids in the array.

Expression monitoring by hybridization to high density oligonucleotide arrays

The present invention provides a miniaturized integrated nucleic acid diagnostic device and system. The device of the invention is generally capable of performing one or more sample acquisition and preparation operations, in combination with one or more sample analysis operations. For example, the device can integrate several or all of the operations involved in sample acquisition and storage, sample preparation and sample analysis, within a single integrated unit. The device is useful in a variety of applications, and most notably, nucleic acid based diagnostic applications and de novo sequencing applications.

Integrated nucleic acid diagnostic device

The invention provides apparatus and methods for making arrays of functionalized binding sites on a support surface. The invention further provides apparatus and methods for sequencing oligonucleotides and for identifying the amino acid sequence of peptides that bind to biologically active macromolecules, by specifically binding biologically active macromolecules to arrays of peptides or peptide mimetics.

Method and apparatus for conducting an array of chemical reactions on a support surface

The invention provides chips of immobilized probes, and methods employing the chips, for comparing a reference polynucleotide sequence of known sequence with a target sequence showing substantial similarity with the reference sequence, but differing in the presence of e.g., mutations.

Arrays of nucleic acid probes on biological chips

A method and apparatus are disclosed for identifying molecular structures within a sample substance using a monolithic array of test sites formed on a substrate upon which the sample substance is applied. Each test site includes probes formed therein to bond with a predetermined target molecular structure or structures. A signal is applied to the test sites and certain electrical, mechanical and/or optical properties of the test sites are detected to determine which probes have bonded to an associated target molecular structure.

Optical and electrical methods and apparatus for molecule detection

A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.

Very large scale immobilized polymer synthesis

L'invention se rapporte a une strategie de synthese de polymeres, servant a creer une diversite chimique sur grande echelle. Des techniques de chimie en phase solide, des groupes protecteurs photolabiles et des techniques de photolithographie sont utilises pour obtenir la synthese d'especes chimiques en parallele adressable spatialement et dirigee par rayonnement lumineux. Dans un mode de realisation specifique, on utilise des techniques de masquage binaires. Un systeme de reacteurs, des groupes protecteurs photosupprimables et des techniques de collecte et de gestion de donnees ameliorees, ainsi qu'une technique de triage des molecules de liaison sont egalement decrits.

Synthese de polymeres immobilises sur tres grande echelle

The invention relates to a strategy SYNTHETIC FOR THE CREATION OF LARGE SCALE CHEMICAL DIVERSITY. Photolabile protection groups, chemically SOLID PHASE, AND SO ARE USED TO ACHIEVE photolithographic CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS PARALLEL DIRECT LIGHT AIRSHIP spatially. USED ​​BIT MASKING TECHNIQUES IN A INCORPORATION. REVEALS A REACTOR SYSTEM, photocleavable protecting groups, ENHANCED DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES. SE also provides a technique for MOLECULES LINKED EXPLORATION.

Christopher W. Holmes

Papers

Very large scale immobilized polymer synthesis

Synthese de polymeres immobilises sur tres grande echelle

Compounds and their use in a binary synthesis strategy.