다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Epidemiological studies have revealed that a diet rich in plant-derived foods has a protective effect on human health. Identifying bioactive dietary constituents is an active area of scientific investigation that may lead to new drug discovery. Kaempferol (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is a flavonoid found in many edible plants (e.g. tea, broccoli, cabbage, kale, beans, endive, leek, tomato, strawberries and grapes) and in plants or botanical products commonly used in traditional medicine (e.g. Ginkgo biloba, Tilia spp, Equisetum spp, Moringa oleifera, Sophora japonica and propolis). Some epidemiological studies have found a positive association between the consumption of foods containing kaempferol and a reduced risk of developing several disorders such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that kaempferol and some glycosides of kaempferol have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anti-osteoporotic, estrogenic/antiestrogenic, anxiolytic, analgesic and antiallergic activities. In this article, the distribution of kaempferol in the plant kingdom and its pharmacological properties are reviewed. The pharmacokinetics (e.g. oral bioavailability, metabolism, plasma levels) and safety of kaempferol are also analyzed. This information may help understand the health benefits of kaempferol-containing plants and may contribute to develop this flavonoid as a possible agent for the prevention and treatment of some diseases.

A review on the dietary flavonoid kaempferol.

Epidemiological evidence suggests that flavonoids may play an important role in the decreased risk of chronic diseases associated with a diet rich in plant-derived foods. Flavonoids are also common constituents of plants used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of diseases. The purpose of this article is to summarize the distribution and biological activities of one of the most common flavonoids: luteolin. This flavonoid and its glycosides are widely distributed in the plant kingdom; they are present in many plant families and have been identified in Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta. Dietary sources of luteolin include, for instance, carrots, peppers, celery, olive oil, peppermint, thyme, rosemary and oregano. Preclinical studies have shown that this flavone possesses a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The ability of luteolin to inhibit angiogenesis, to induce apoptosis, to prevent carcinogenesis in animal models, to reduce tumor growth in vivo and to sensitize tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of some anticancer drugs suggests that this flavonoid has cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential. Modulation of ROS levels, inhibition of topoisomerases I and II, reduction of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activity, stabilization of p53, and inhibition of PI3K, STAT3, IGF1R and HER2 are possible mechanisms involved in the biological activities of luteolin.

Distribution and biological activities of the flavonoid luteolin.

Lonicera japonica Thunb.: ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine.

As a component of our continuing investigations into herb-derived antioxidant agents, we have evaluated the antioxidant effects ofFlos Lonicerae (Lonicera japonica flowers),via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, total reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroxyl radical (OH), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) assays. Among the methanolic extract and the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate,n-butanol, and water fractions, the EtOAc fraction ofFlos Lonicerae exhibited marked scavenging/inhibitory activities, as follows: IC50 values of 4.37, 27.58 ± 0.71, 0.47 ± 0.05, and 12.13 ± 0.79 μg/mL in the DPPH, total ROS, ONOO-, and OH assays, respectively.Via a bioactivity-guided fractionation approach, a new triterpenoid glycoside, oleanolic acid 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (12), along with eleven known compounds, including chrysoeriol (1), luteolin (2), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (3), caffeic acid (4), protocatechuic acid (5), chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), isorhamnetin 3-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (7), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), quercetin 3-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (9), hederagenin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (10), and luteolin 7-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (11), were isolated from the EtOAc fraction. The structures of isolated compounds 1–12 were elucidatedvia spectroscopic analyses. Compound12 was isolated from a natural source for the first time. Compounds2,4,5,7,9, and11 evidenced marked scavenging activities, with IC50 values of 2.08-11.76 μM for DPPH radicals, and 1.47-6.98 μM for ONOO-.

Antioxidant constituents and a new triterpenoid glycoside from Flos Lonicerae.

In the course of searching for new classes of α-glucosidase inhibitors originated from natural resources, 11 kinds of isoflavones, i.e., medicarpin (1), formononetin (2), mucronulatol (3), (3R)-calussequinone (5), (3R)-5'-methoxyvestitol (6), tectorigenin (7), biochanin A (8), tuberosin (9), calycosin (10), daidzein (11), and genistein (12), as well as a flavone, liquritigenin (4), were isolated as active principles responsible for the yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from two leguminous plant extracts, i.e., the heartwood extract of Dalbergia odorifera and the roots extract of Pueraria thunbergiana. Each components (1-12) demonstrated a significantly potent inhibition on yeast α-glucosidase in a dose dependent manner when the p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside was used as a substrate in vitro. The concentration required for 50% enzyme inhibition (IC50) were calculated as 2.93 mM (1), 0.51 mM (2), 3.52 mM (7) 0.35 mM (8), 3.52 mM (9), 0.85 mM (11), and 0.15 mM (12) when that of reference drug acarbose was evaluated as 9.11 mM, in vitro. However, isoflavone glycosides, i.e., puerarin (13), daidzin (14), formononetin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (15), and genistin (16), exhibited a relatively poor inhibitory activity on yeast α-glucosidase as compared with the corresponding isoflavone (2, 11, 12), respectively.

Yeast α-glucosidase inhibition by isoflavones from plants of Leguminosae as an in vitro alternative to acarbose.

A new isoflavone, neocorylin ( 1) was isolated from the seeds extract of Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae), together with eight known constituents ( 2 - 9), i. e., bakuchiol ( 2), psoralen ( 3), bavachromene ( 4), isobavachromene ( 5), bavachalcone ( 6), isobavachalcone ( 7), 7,8-dihydro-8-(4-hydrophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2 H,6 H-[1,2- B:5,4- B']dipyran-6-one ( 8), and bavachinin ( 9). The structure of the new isoflavone 1 was elucidated as 7-hydroxy-3-[2-methyl-2-(4-methylpenten-3-yl)-2 H-chromen-6-yl]-4 H-chromen-4-one by spectroscopic analyses. Neocorylin ( 1) as well as related compounds 2, 4 - 6, 8 and 9 exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on baculovirus-expressed BACE-1 in vitro.

In vitro BACE-1 inhibitory phenolic components from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia.

A new resveratrol oligomer (1) together with eight related components (2- 9) were isolated from the seed extract of Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniaceae) as active principles responsible for the inhibition of beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) in vitro. The chemical structure of 1 was established as (-)-7a,8a- CIS- e-viniferin with the aid of spectroscopic analyses including NOESY experiments. All isolated resveratrol oligomers (1- 9) demonstrated significant inhibition on baculovirus-expressed BACE-1 in a dose-dependent manner, which was assessed by the FRET assay using Rh-EVNLDAEFK as a substrate in vitro.

In Vitro BACE-1 Inhibitory Activity of Resveratrol Oligomers from the Seed Extract of Paeonia lactiflora

Three new triterpenoid saponins, platyconic acid B lactone (1), deapio-platyconic acid B lactone (2), and deapio-platycodin D2 (3), together with 17 known triterpenoid saponins, were isolated from a root extract of Platycodon grandiflorum. The structures of 1−3 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and chemical transformation. Saponins with a platycodigenin or polygalacic acid unit as a sapogenin demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of a small panel of cultured human tumor cells.

Chun Whan Choi

Papers

Antioxidant constituents and a new triterpenoid glycoside from Flos Lonicerae.

Yeast α-glucosidase inhibition by isoflavones from plants of Leguminosae as an in vitro alternative to acarbose.

In vitro BACE-1 inhibitory phenolic components from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia.

In Vitro BACE-1 Inhibitory Activity of Resveratrol Oligomers from the Seed Extract of Paeonia lactiflora

Antiproliferative effects of saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum on cultured human tumor cells.