Internet of Things (IoT) consists of sensors embed with physical objects that are connected to the Internet and able to establish the communication between them without human intervene applications are industry, transportation, healthcare, robotics, smart agriculture, etc. The communication technology plays a crucial role in IoT to transfer the data from one place to another place through Internet. This paper presents various communication protocols, namely Zigbee, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), LoRA, etc. Later, it provides the difference between different communication protocols. Finally, the overall discussion about the communication protocols in IoT.

A Recent Survey on Internet of Things (IoT) Communication Protocols

A cloudlet is an emerging computing paradigm that is designed to meet the requirements and expectations of the Internet of things (IoT) and tackle the conventional limitations of a cloud (e.g., high latency). The idea is to bring computing resources (i.e., storage and processing) to the edge of a network. This article presents a taxonomy of cloudlet applications, outlines cloudlet utilities, and describes recent advances, challenges, and future research directions. Based on the literature, a unique taxonomy of cloudlet applications is designed. Moreover, a cloudlet computation offloading application for augmenting resource-constrained IoT devices, handling compute-intensive tasks, and minimizing the energy consumption of related devices is explored. This study also highlights the viability of cloudlets to support smart systems and applications, such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and applications that require high-quality service. Finally, the role of cloudlets in emergency situations, hostile conditions, and in the technological integration of future applications and services is elaborated in detail.

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Cloudlet Computing: Recent Advances, Taxonomy, and Challenges

The Internet of Things (IoT) has impacted various aspects of life, but its profound effects on the health sector are particularly striking because of its cutting-edge nature. Mobile computing characteristics enable IoT to play a more important role when used with mobile computing. A significant part of the benefits of IoT in healthcare can be attributed to mobile health, which is greatly enhanced by mobile computing. Wearables transmit large amounts of data to IoT devices through sensors, actuators, and transceivers. Threats, attacks, and vulnerabilities abound for data on the Internet of Things. Therefore, addressing IoT-related security, privacy, and vulnerability issues call for a robust security solution. This paper proposes a secure and scalable healthcare data transmission framework in IoT based on an optimized routing protocol. Initially, the health data is collected from various IoT devices like wearable devices and sensors. The raw data is preprocessed via data cleaning and data reduction techniques. K-nearest neighbor (KNN) imputation is performed and principal component analysis (PCA) is employed for dimension reduction of the data. Utilizing modified local binary patterns (MLBP), the features are extracted from the preprocessed data. By combining the fuzzy dynamic trust-based RPL algorithm with the butter ant optimization (BAO) algorithm for low-power and lossy networks, the proposed fuzzy dynamic trust-based RPL (FDT-RPL) protocol improves the overall security of data transmission. The algorithm has been implemented for a smart healthcare system, and the performance is analyzed by comparing it with traditional approaches. The proposed routing protocol provided a secure and scalable healthcare data transmission.

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Secure and Scalable Healthcare Data Transmission in IoT Based on Optimized Routing Protocols for Mobile Computing Applications

The rapid developments in the mobile application context illuminate the demand for more resources and processing power at Smart Mobile Devices (SMDs). Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) enables the SMDs to offload their workloads on the remote cloud servers and benefit from the MCC’s extensive resources to deal with this issue. To this end, numerous offloading schemes are provided in the literature to enhance the SMD's efficiency by offloading their workloads on the nearby cloudlets or remote cloud computing resources. This article puts forward a comprehensive survey and taxonomy of the offloading approaches designed and proposed for MCCs. It first classifies them based on the algorithms which have been used for making the offloading decisions. Then, in each category, it illuminates how the offloading decisions are made to improve application performance and mobile devices' energy efficiency, regarding offloading factors such as deadlines, costs, etc. The evaluation metrics, simulator, offloading type, and architecture of the studied schemes are compared and illuminated in each category. Furthermore, regarding the various properties of the studied offloading methods, the offloading domain's leading issues and challenges are discussed. Lastly, the concluding points are provided, and directions for the subsequent studies in the offloading context are specified.

Towards Data and Computation Offloading in Mobile Cloud Computing: Taxonomy, Overview, and Future Directions

Since the last few decades, information security has become a significant challenge for organizations’ system administrators. However, the Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model has emerged as a viable solution for organizations to meet the security requirement due to its less administrative overhead. Blockchain technology is distributive and can be used effectively in user authentication and authorization challenges. This paper proposes an RBAC model using a blockchain-based smart contract for managing user-role permissions in the organization. We design a threat and security model to resist attacks such as man-in-the-middle attacks in an organization scenario. The proposed approach uses the Ethereum blockchain platform and its smart contract functionalities to model user-resource communications. The proposed method is tested on Ropsten Ethereum Test Network and evaluated to analyze user authentication, verification, cost, and security.

User authentication using Blockchain based smart contract in role-based access control

Nowadays, the uses of mobile devices have been increasing in many aspects of our life such as playing games, sending documents, transactions, and marketing, business, and conference meetings. But this mobile device has limited the resources in terms of battery lifetime, storage, and processing capacity. The new technology known as mobile cloud computing can help users to increase utilization of mobile cloud resources. The limitation of mobile device can be overcome by MCC. The technique called as offloading can transfer the resource-intensive task to remote cloud for processing, and the result will come back to the mobile device. The mobile device connecting to remote cloud with the help of 3G (or) LTE networks causes latency-related issues bandwidth and cost. In order to overcome these problems, MCC has introduced new technology which can reduce latency problems by providing secured and efficient model based on cloudlet. In this paper, we mainly focus on healthcare applications which can be processed by new cloudlet model for reducing processing time as well as providing enough security to user’s data. Initially, the user connects to the available cloudlet; if the cloudlet is not providing required resources or services, the user will redirect to remote cloud. In our model, the cloudlet is used to analyze patient medical records.

Cloudlet Services for Healthcare Applications in Mobile Cloud Computing

Storage in cloud computing is the fundamental service which is widely used by consumers of cloud. Cloud offer many advantages such as flexibility, elasticity, scalability and sharing of data among users. However, cloud storage throws many privacy and security challenges. Especially, the most significant problem is access control mechanism which ensures sharing of dataonly to authorized users. Most of the cloud service providers offer Role Based Access Control (RBAC) where users are grouped into roles and access is given to resources based on roles. The problem with this scheme is that once a role gets access to a resource, further restrictions are not possible, where there are security limitations for which data owner needs to restrict access to a part of an object but not entire object. This work proposes to useSwift, an object storage service in open source cloud named OpenStack. Swift restricts access to objects using Access Control Lists (ACLs). As per ACL, users can gain access to an object. However, once access is given, users can access the complete object without further restrictions. The proposed work is evaluated in real cloud environment Amazon cloud, Microsoft Azure, and Open stack cloud. A framework termed Predicate Based Access Control (PBAC) is proposed to render fine grained access control to Swift storage. Access is provided to predicates that are part of an object. Instead of following an “all or nothing” approach, an access control mechanism that makes the Swift storage and retrieval more secure is preferred.

A novel predicate based access control scheme for cloud environment using open stack swift storage

Cloud computing has prominent branches of research with emerging technologies. The research related to security has increased with unusual disputes. Cloud service providers, as well as the users, have similar problems in concern with security issues. This paper has implemented to surmount protection-connected problems in deep related to data transfer problems in connection with efficiency in regard to time and cost. A hybrid access control mechanism (HACM) has been implemented, combining User-ID and User-Profile verification. Furthermore, the mechanism emphasizes the provision of safety measures in various circumstances. In this mechanism, SAML based token creation is employed to enhance safety measures. The architecture of this hybrid approach is offered to deal with User-ID and User-Profile managerial issues in the INTER/INTRA cloud framework. Indeed, it is verified with the implementation that this approach effectively improves safety measures in regard to time and cost.

A novel access control mechanism for secure cloud communication using SAML based token creation

The fundamental point of image processing is about upgrading the quality and visual look of the picture, which can viably enhance the impression of data from pictures. Numerous pictures like medicinal pictures, satellite, flying pictures, and furthermore genuine photos experience the ill effects of poor and awful complexity and commotion. It is important to upgrade the differentiation and expel the clamor to build picture quality, thus picture improvement is an essential field to think about as it has a considerable measure of uses like in the therapeutic field, unique mark upgrade, signature protecting and so forth as appeared in this paper. Picture Enhancement is comprehensively ordered in two sections: Pixel-Based Enhancement and Enhancement based on Frequency. In Pixel-Based Enhancement, there are two sections: Sharpening and Smoothening. This report just demonstrates a Sharpening Method for Spatial Domain Enhancement.

Iterative Sharpening of Digital Images

Cloud computing initially gained popularity as it offered an alternative for handling the ever-growing size of data. One of the main advantages of Cloud computing is parallel processing of data, which causes the effect of pooling the resources of various systems. The proposed project aims to implement the feature for the purpose of data mining and will use the Apriori Algorithm to demonstrate the results. Hadoop platform will be utilized for this project. The system will receive a dataset and redistribute it to the nodes of the cloud. Here, Apriori algorithm will be applied upon the sections of the dataset and the results will then be combined to obtain the frequent itemsets in the global data. Using the frequent item sets, rule mining will be achieved.

Chunduru Anilkumar

Papers

Cloudlet Services for Healthcare Applications in Mobile Cloud Computing

A novel predicate based access control scheme for cloud environment using open stack swift storage

A novel access control mechanism for secure cloud communication using SAML based token creation

Iterative Sharpening of Digital Images

Iterative Approach for Frequent Set Mining Using Hadoop Over Cloud Environment