In this ethnographic study of summer undergraduate research (UR) experiences at four liberal arts colleges, where faculty and students work collaboratively on a project of mutual interest in an apprenticeship of authentic science research work, analysis of the accounts of faculty and student participants yields comparative insights into the structural elements of this form of UR program and its benefits for students. Comparison of the perspectives of faculty and their students revealed considerable agreement on the nature, range, and extent of students' UR gains. Specific student gains relating to the process of “becoming a scientist” were described and illustrated by both groups. Faculty framed these gains as part of professional socialization into the sciences. In contrast, students emphasized their personal and intellectual development, with little awareness of their socialization into professional practice. Viewing study findings through the lens of social constructivist learning theories demonstrates that the characteristics of these UR programs, how faculty practice UR in these colleges, and students' outcomes—including cognitive and personal growth and the development of a professional identity—strongly exemplify many facets of these theories, particularly, student-centered and situated learning as part of cognitive apprenticeship in a community of practice. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed91:36–74, 2007

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sce.20173

Becoming a scientist: The role of undergraduate research in students' cognitive, personal, and professional development

Professionalism is a key concept in the sociologies of work, occupations, professions and organizations. But professionalism is changing and being changed. The article considers the different ways ...

Professionalism: Value and ideology

This article is not a critique of the Sciulli article (2005) but, instead, indicates some current and contemporary research questions about professionalism considered to be important to researchers in the field from North America, Europe and worldwide. The article begins by offering an alternative, more pragmatic, view of the definitional question and argues that most researchers have accepted definitional uncertainty and moved on. Current research questions include a reappraisal and reassessment of professionalism as a normative value – and a move away from market closure as the dominant paradigm. In addition, there are new directions in the analysis that focus on the discourse of professionalism as a mechanism for the control of work and workers.

Short Note: The Sociology of Professional Groups: New Directions

Journalists in the UK have always been ambivalent about what form of occupational control to pursue. Although resistant to the structures of the conventional profession, they have embraced the idea of 'professionalism'. As the formations traditionally associated with Anglo-American professions become relevant to fewer and fewer employees and increasingly subject to external regulation it is more relevant, we suggest, to investigate how the discourse of 'professionalism' as a set of values and identities can be mobilized by employers as a form of self-discipline. Journalism, notable for its powerful occupational mythology, provides a vivid example of how this process has eased the imposition of radical changes to the organization of work. Now, ironically, recent changes in the occupation's social composition and training may mean that journalists, who have always cherished a self-image as socially marginal, will aspire to conventional professional respectability.

Rethinking the concept of professionalism: the case of journalism

Este texto trata das relacoes entre o tempo, o trabalho e a aprendizagem dos saberes profissionais dos professores que atuam no ensino primario e secundario, isto e, dos saberes mobilizados e empregados na pratica cotidiana, saberes esses que dela se originam e que servem para dar sentido as situacoes de trabalho que lhes sao proprias. Este texto esta dividido em tres partes: inicialmente, mostraremos em que o estudo dessas relacoes pode ser pertinente para melhor compreender a natureza dos saberes profissionais dos professores. Em seguida, estudaremos como essas relacoes se expressam nos fenomenos da historia da vida, da aprendizagem pre-profissional do trabalho e da carreira dos professores. Finalmente, proporemos uma reflexao e pistas teoricas sobre as diversas relacoes entre o tempo e os saberes profissionais.

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Saberes, tempo e aprendizagem do trabalho no magistério

Pourquoi parler aujourd'hui de crise des identites ? Cette expression renvoie a des phenomenes multiples : difficultes d'insertion professionnelle des jeunes, montee de nouvelles exclusions sociales, brouillage des categories servant a se definir et a definir les autres Comprendre comment se reproduisent et se transforment les identites sociales implique d'eclairer les processus de socialisation par lesquels elles se construisent et se reconstruisent tout au long de la vie La dimension professionnelle des identites a acquis avec la modernite une importance toute particuliere La socialisation secondaire ­ a l'âge adulte ­ est devenue indispensable pour affronter les changements de plus en plus frequents dans les cycles de vie et les imperatifs de la construction identitaire

La socialisation : construction des identités sociales et professionnelles

Cet ouvrage retrace les grands modeles de professions qui se sont succede en Occident et expose les principales theories sociologiques des professions Les evolutions recentes des groupes professionnels – changements demographiques, transformation du role de l’Etat, managerialisation et internationalisation – sont presentees autour de cas empiriques L’ouvrage clarifie le vocabulaire qu’utilisent les sociologues pour decrire le travail professionnel, analyser la dynamique des groupes professionnels et des marches du travail, interpreter l’evolution des systemes et des identites professionnelles Cette quatrieme edition prend acte des nombreux travaux suscites en France par cette discipline

Sociologie des professions

Claude Dubar : Identitatsformen und berufliche Sozialisation. ; ; Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen aus drei kollektiven Forschungen zur Nachschulbildung, erstellt der Verfasser den Begriff der Identitatsformen als Ergebnis einer Doppeltransaktion, die die berufliche Sozialisation des Einzelnen strukturiert. Die « biographische » Transaktion bezieht sich auf den zeitlichen Aufbauprozess einer sozialen Identitat. Die « relationelle » oder « strukturelle » Transaktion betrifft die Beziehungen zwischen den Aktoren innerhalb eines von Regeln strukturierten Raums und bezieht sich auf den Erkennungsprozess der Berufsidentitat und deren Entwicklung. Der Autor stellt diese Annaherungsweise auf den Schnittpunkt der durkheimschen und weberschen Traditionen, am Bindungsglied der Debatten zwischen Soziologie und Psychologie einerseits, zwischen Soziologie und Wirtschaft andererseits.

Claude Dubar

Papers

La socialisation : construction des identités sociales et professionnelles

Sociologie des professions

Formes identitaires et socialisation professionnelle

La crise des identités : l'interprétation d'une mutation

La crise des identités