The Reality Effect

Introduction John Turner 1. Allies, Rivals and Enemies: British Strategy and War Aims During the First World War David French 2. The War and the British Empire A. J. Stockwell 3. The Royal Navy and the War at Sea Bryan Ranft 4. The New Warfare and Economic Mobilization Peter Dewey 5. The British Population at War Noel Whiteside 6. The British Army, 1914-18: The Illusion of Change Ian Beckett 7. British Politics and the Great War John Turner. Military and Naval Chronology of the First World War.

Britain and the First World War

The reporter's privilege is under attack, and "pajama-clad bloggers" are largely to blame. Courts and commentators have argued that because the rise of bloggers and other "citizen journalists" renders it difficult to define who counts as a reporter entitled to invoke the privilege, its continued existence is in grave doubt. The accompanying Article argues that this hysteria is misplaced. The development of the internet as a new medium of communication in many ways poses the same kinds of challenges to the reporter's privilege that courts and state legislatures have faced for decades as television reporters, radio commentators, book authors, documentary filmmakers, and scholars seek to invoke its protections. After exploring the history and purpose of the reporter's privilege, and the increasingly significant contributions of citizen journalists to the public debate, this Article makes a radical proposal: everyone who disseminates information to the public should be presumptively entitled to invoke the reporter's privilege, whether based on the First Amendment, federal common law, or a state shield law. Rather than attempting to limit the category of individuals who are entitled to the privilege by focusing on the medium of publication, the "newsworthy" nature of the desired information, or a "functional" approach that unconstitutionally requires judicial scrutiny of the editorial process, the focus should instead be on limiting the scope of the privilege itself. This Article offers several exceptions to a presumptive privilege that appropriately balance the public's fundamental interest in a vigorous and informed debate against its equally important interests in fairness and justice.

Citizen Journalism and the Reporter's Privilege

soldiers; war writing; modernism; classics; Virginia Woolf; World War I; Rupert Brooke; war

On Not Knowing Death: The Figure of the Soldier in the Novels of Virginia Woolf

Acknowledgements Introduction: Contested Ground: Gender and Victorian Hellenism(s) Taking on the Tradition: Augusta Webster's Feminist Revisionism Amy Levy's Greek Anti-Heroines Worlds Without Women: Emily Pfeiffer's Political Hellenism Old Greek Wine in New Bottles: Michael Field's Dionysiac Poetics Medea's Haunting of the Fin de Siecle Afterword Bibliography Index

Daughters of Dionysus :women writers and the dark side of late-victorian hellenism

The concept of mimetic realism—how it functions in literature and its representational value—comes into sharp relief during the period when the First World War ensues This dissertation proposes that the magnitude of atrocities caused by the First World War presents a crisis of representation such that the classic theory of realist representation comes into question In response to the ultimate dystopia created by trench warfare, a variety of writers attempt to produce realistic portraits of the war while photography is widely used to show readers the allegedly most authentic version of the war front In the study of those writing practices by journalists, novelists, and soldiers and of visual media by photojournalists, some key questions arise about the authorial discourse of war: who constructs it, how is it constructed, and by which means do these discourses secure the survival and longevity of one version of a war’s history and not another? 

I concentrate on texts produced by journalists, British literary writers—exemplified primarily by Virginia Woolf—and soldiers, who were prolific in their correspondence with family members on the home front, the chronicling of their experiences in diaries, and in reflections recorded in postwar memoirs In all cases, I provide close-readings of texts to discern the ways each player is documenting the experience of war and in which ways each negotiates his or her writing practices within the lens of classic literary realism I find that discursive practices become distinct according to a writer’s geographical proximity to the war front and are distinguished from the classic style of realism I observe that journalism produces objective realism, the modern novelist produces mytho-synaesthetic realism, and soldiers produce synaesthetic realism An examination of photography’s ocular realism in the context of war introduces the concept of the documentary record A documentary photograph stretches the concept of realism as a literary style such that the commensurability of the real and its representational media comes to depend upon acknowledging the ability and willingness of a public to read the inconsumable, such as the horrific and traumatizing outcomes of mechanized warfare on the human body

Claudia Heske

Papers

Inconsumable realities: Documenting warfare, Britain 1914--1920