This memorandum documents the updates implemented in EPA’s 2020 Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (GHGI) for gathering and boosting (G&B) stations. Additional considerations for G&B were previously discussed in memoranda released November 2019 (Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2018: Updates Under Consideration for Natural Gas Gathering & Boosting Station Emissions),1 October 2018 (Inventory of U.S. GHG Emissions and Sinks 1990-2017: Updates Under Consideration for Natural Gas Gathering & Boosting Emissions),2 and April 2019 (Inventory of U.S. GHG Emissions and Sinks 1990-2017: Updates to Natural Gas Gathering & Boosting Pipeline Emissions).3

Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks

In this review, we provide an introduction to the topics of environmental justice and environmental inequality. We provide an overview of the dimensions of unequal exposures to environmental pollution (environmental inequality), followed by a discussion of the theoretical literature that seeks to explain the origins of this phenomenon. We also consider the impact of the environmental justice movement in the United States and the role that federal and state governments have developed to address environmental inequalities. We conclude that more research is needed that links environmental inequalities with public health outcomes.

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ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: Human Health and Environmental Inequalities

Systems approaches to integrated solid waste management in developing countries.

There are a number of conceptual, theoretical, and methodological issues in the literature on environmental justice and environmental inequalities in need of refinement Using data from the recycli

Environmental Inequality Formation Toward a Theory of Environmental Injustice

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Solid Waste management in the World's Cities

Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment, 1880-1980

Imagine a world without automobiles, traffic lights, and interstate highways. Or the words commuter and parking. For a nation that prides itself on the freedom of movement and the long weekend, this seems nearly impossible. In Down the Asphalt Path, Clay McShane examines the uniquely American relation between automobility and urbanization. Writing at the cutting edge of urban and technological history, McShane focuses on how new transportation systems-most important, the private automobile-and new concepts of the city redefined each other in modern America. We swiftly motor across the country from Boston to New York to Milwaukee to Los Angeles and the suburbs in between as McShane chronicles the urban embrace of the automobile. McShane begins with mid-nineteenth century municipal bans on horseless carriages, a response to public fears of accidents and pollution. After cities redesigned roads to encourage new forms of trasnport, especially trolley cars, light carriages, and bicycles, the bans disappeared in the 1890s. With the advent of the automobile, metropolitan elites quickly and permanently established cars as status symbols. Down the Asphalt Path also explains the escapist appeal of the motor car to many Americans constrained by traditional social values. This book includes more than thirty photographs detailing the transformation of urban transportation. They bring to life chapters on modes of travel before the trolley; the push for parks, parkways, and suburbanization; the car in popular culture; and the battle for traffic safety and regulation. McShane's analysis of gender relations in the rise of automobility-in particular, definitions of gender in terms of mechanical skill and of driving as male power-is both timely and innovative. Wonderfully readable, this book will be a treasure for readers of urban history, popular culture, and technology-as well as car buffs.

Clay McShane

Papers

Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment, 1880-1980

Down the Asphalt Path: The Automobile and the American City

Technology and Reform: Street Railways and the Growth of Milwaukee, 1887-1900