List of Maps Preface Introduction 1. Worlds in Motion 2. The New World in a Century of Small Wars 3. Worldviews and Fighting Faiths 4. Chiefs and Warriors Prologue to Narrative: From Peripheral Flux to National Consolidation 5. The Great Clearance, 1815-48 6. Indian Wars in Mexico, 1821-76 7. War on the Plains, 1848-77 8. Conquest of Apacheria, 1860-86 9. War on the Canadian Prairies, 1870-85 10. Indian Wars of the Porfiriato, 1876-1900 11. The Long Shadow Notes Bibliography Index

Indian wars of Mexico, Canada and the United States, 1812-1900

"it is a merit to escape": defending desertion and defining borders on the u.s.-canadian frontier, 1784-1860

Rhetoric and Realities: Women, Gender, and War during the War of 1812 in the Great Lakes Region

https://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1026&context=facwork_book

Portals to the Past: A Bibliographical and Resource Guide to Michigan’s Upper Peninsula

This thesis critically examines generalizations o ered in the fur trade literature regarding the impact of the amalgamation of the Northwest Company and Hudson's Bay Company upon Aboriginal trade partners. There are essentially two schools of thought. One asserts that Aboriginal trappers had become dependent upon European technology by the time of the 1821 amalgamation, and were forced to continue the trade exchange accepting the changes imposed by the Hudson's Bay Company during the monopoly period. The second perspective holds that Aboriginal trade partners were not dependent upon European technology and were adaptable, choosing to opt out of the trade exchange, focusing instead upon subsistence hunting and trapping to satisfy nite wants and needs. The focus of this research project is to evaluate these competing ideas about the amalgamation phase of the fur trade, using the records of Nipigon House Post dating between 1828 and 1838. The fur trade is typically characterized by several predominant periods: the early fur trade, the competition phase, and nally the amalgamation phase. As each phase of the trade progressed, Aboriginal trade partners were a ected in various ways. It is thought that in the postamalgamation phase, there was a loss of Aboriginal bargaining power, and an extended time of hardship due to a widespread collapse in the viability of fur and food resources. This thesis examines how the Anishinabe community at Nipigon House Post was a ected by the amalgamation. Data derived from the Journals of the Nipigon House are used to explore the Anishinabe community and their trade activities. Contrary to expectations deriving from the conventional fur trade literature that emphasize growing dependence upon the HBC, the Nipigon House data indicate adaptability to the monopoly period. This involved a limited demand for a narrow range of goods in keeping with the modest fur returns generated. Indeed many people focused heavily upon satisfying their subsistence needs, and sharply reduced their e orts at fur trapping. This contributed to a shift of the settlement system, with much more time spent along the lakeshore. These data suggest that the Lake Nipigon Anishinabe were not dependent upon European goods for survival. It can be concluded that reconsideration of generalizations about Aboriginal dependency during the monopoly phase of the fur trade is required. URI http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca/handle/2453/231 Collections Electronic Theses and Dissertations from 2009 Lakehead University Library Contact Us | Send Feedback Trading with the Hudson's Bay Company, a case study of the Nipigon House Post, 1828-1838  Company (1938).Google Scholar. 18. J. Almon, Collection of Treaties, &c. between Great Britain and other Powers (1772), vol. Strohl M.P. (1963) Hudson Bay, a Case Study. In: The International Law of Bays. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-0967-1_6. ODBER, Kirsten Thesis: Trading With the Hudson's Bay Company A Case Study of Nipigon House Post 1828 1838. Master of Science. ABID, Sana Mohamed Biology Thesis: Lignin Degradation by Some Wood-rot Fungi with Emphasis on Cylindrocladium camelliae. TAVAKOLI DINANI, Hossein Physics Thesis: SU(3) Squeezing Quantum and Semiclassical Evolutions. Master of Public Health. JOZA, Julia Health Studies Thesis: A Grounded Theory Study of the Approaches and Mechanisms Used in Public Health Practice for Everyday Ethical Dilemma Negotiation and Resolution. Master of Social Work. CLARKSON, Ashley. Other companies also envied the apparent monopoly of Hudson’s Bay Company. U.S. traders wanted a share in the fur trade following the Lewis and Clark expedition of 1804 to 1806. In 1808 Pierre Chouteau, William Clark, and five others established the Missouri Fur Company, and in New York John Jacob Astor, the leading fur dealer in the United States, started the American Fur Company, capitalized at US$300,000, of which he owned all but a few shares. A select committee of the House of the Commons investigated the charges, and with Sir George Simpson as one of the principal witnesses, the charges were dismissed. The company’s territory and the North West territories became part of the Canadian Confederation through the British North America Act of 1867. In the middle of the XIX century Hudson's Bay Company, expanding its sphere of influence, not just faced with opposition from the Tlingit Indians. Tlingits, using the benefits of intermediary trade of the European goods, successfully more. In the middle of the XIX century Hudson's Bay Company, expanding its sphere of influence, not just faced with opposition from the Tlingit Indians. Tlingits, using the benefits of intermediary trade of the European goods, successfully blocked the penetration of British merchants. The article deals with unsuccessful attempts of the HBS clerk Rober... The Hudson's Bay Company abandoned Spokane House and moved to the newly constructed Fort Colvile.

Trading with the Hudson's Bay Company, a case study of the Nipigon House Post, 1828-1838

On Christmas Eve 1814 Britain and the United States signed the Treaty of Ghent and brought the War of 1812 to its official close. The treaty did not accurately reflect the situation that existed in the upper Great Lakes where Indian warriors backed by British agents and traders still held sway. In the postwar years, Americans identified the British-Indian connection as a major obstacle to the establishment of United States hegemony in the Great Lakes area, and even feared the revival of a British-backed Indian confederacy such as Tecumseh and the Prophet had developed. American agents and officials testified to the enduring strength of the British-Indian alliance and complained vociferously about the intrigues of British agents among the tribes. British records, however, tell a different story. Even though old connections and mutual interests survived, the Treaty of Ghent sounded the death knell of the British Indian alliance and the end of the threat to American expansionism. Britons and Indians came to realize that the days were over when their combined might had controlled the Great Lakes and held the keys to the continent. As Britain looked elsewhere for power and prosperity, the United States gradually translated its nominal hegemony into reality and the Indians developed alternative strategies of survival through migration or cultural adaptation. Americans claimed that the councils which the British held with the Indians at Drummond Island and elsewhere served as occasions to reinforce Indian allegiance to the Crown and to fuel Indian hostility against the United States. In fact, the proceedings of those councils reflected the Indians' despair in the face of new realities and

Colin G. Calloway

Papers

The End of an Era: British-Indian Relations in the Great Lakes Region after the War of 1812