BACKGROUND Interviews are among the most familiar strategies for collecting qualitative data. The different qualitative interviewing strategies in common use emerged from diverse disciplinary perspectives resulting in a wide variation among interviewing approaches. Unlike the highly structured survey interviews and questionnaires used in epidemiology and most health services research, we examine less structured interview strategies in which the person interviewed is more a participant in meaning making than a conduit from which information is retrieved. PURPOSE In this article we briefly review the more common qualitative interview methods and then focus on the widely used individual face-to-face in-depth interview, which seeks to foster learning about individual experiences and perspectives on a given set of issues. We discuss methods for conducting in-depth interviews and consider relevant ethical issues with particular regard to the rights and protection of the participants.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x

The qualitative research interview

การวจยเชงคณภาพ เปนเครองมอสำคญอยางหนงสำหรบทำความเขาใจสงคมและพฤตกรรมมนษย การวจยแบบการสรางทฤษฎจากขอมล กเปนหนงในหลายระเบยบวธการวจยเชงคณภาพทกำลงไดรบความสนใจ และเปนทนยมเพมสงขนเรอยๆ จากนกวชาการ และนกวจยในสาขาสงคมศาสตร และศาสตรอนๆ เชน พฤตกรรมศาสตร สงคมวทยา สาธารณสขศาสตร พยาบาลศาสตร จตวทยาสงคม ศกษาศาสตร รฐศาสตร และสารสนเทศศกษา ดงนน หนงสอเรอง “ConstructingGrounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis” หรอ “การสรางทฤษฎจากขอมล:แนวทางการปฏบตผานการวเคราะหเชงคณภาพ” จะชวยใหผอานมความรความเขาใจถงพฒนาการของปฏบตการวจยแบบสรางทฤษฎจากขอมล ตลอดจนแนวทาง และกระบวนการปฏบตการวจยอยางเปนระบบ จงเปนหนงสอทควรคาแกการอานโดยเฉพาะนกวจยรนใหม เพอเปนแนวทางในการนำความรความเขาใจไประยกตในงานวจยของตน อกทงนกวจยผเชยวชาญสามารถอานเพอขยายมโนทศนดานวจยใหกวางขวางขน

Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis

This glossary aims to clarify some of the key concepts associated with participatory action research.

https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/60/10/854.full.pdf

Participatory action research

Purpose To review and update the evidence relating to the personal, social, and environmental factors associated with physical activity (PA) in adults. Methods Systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to identify papers published between 1998 and 2000 with PA (and including exercise and exercise adherence). Qualitative reports or case studies were not included. Results Thirty-eight new studies were located. Most confirmed the existence of factors already known to be correlates of PA. Changes in status were noted in relation to the influence of marital status, obesity, smoking, lack of time, past exercise behavior, and eight environmental variables. New studies were located which focused on previously understudied population groups such as minorities, middle and older aged adults, and the disabled. Conclusion The newly reported studies tend to take a broader “ecological” approach to understanding the correlates of PA and are more focused on environmental factors. There remains a need to better understand environmental influences and the factors that influence different types of PA. As most of the work in this field still relies on cross-sectional studies, longitudinal and intervention studies will be required if causal relationships are to be inferred.

Correlates of adults' participation in physical activity: review and update.

The theory of affordances

Objectives: This multicultural study aimed at examining sleep change of English, French and Chinese speaking immigrants in Ottawa and Gatineau, Canada, and identifying demographic factors that impact the change. Materials and Methods: 810 immigrants of the three language sub-groups were recruited by purposivesampling. Using self-reports, respondents answered questions of sleep change (sleep behavior change and sleep belief change) and demography in Multicultural Lifestyle Change Questionnaire of English, French or Chinese version. Data were analyzed statistically. Results: Immigrants of different gender, language and category sub-groups exhibited different Sleep Time Change Rates, Sleep Time Increasing Rates, Sleep Time Decreasing Rates, Sleep Quality Change Rates, Sleep Quality Improving Rates, Sleep Quality Declining Rate and Sleep Belief Change Rates, but no statistical difference between the rates. Sleep Change (Sleep Behavior Change + Sleep Belief Change) and Sleep Behavior Change were correlated negatively with Mother Tongue, and positively with Age and Primary Occupation. Age and Primary Occupation significantly impacted Sleep Change. Gender significantly impacted Sleep Behavior Change. Mother Tongue significantly impacted Sleep Belief Change. Conclusion: Immigrants of different sub-groups in Canada experienced different sleep changes. Age and Primary Occupation were main impacting factors. Gender was a sleep behavior influencing factor. Mother Tongue was an important sleep belief affecting factor. Culture was a significant contributing factor. Acculturation was a relating impacting factor. Data may provide evidence and implication for immigrant health policy-making and policy-revising in Canada.

Sleep Change of English, French and Chinese speaking Immigrants in Ottawa and Gatineau, Canada

Re-imagining health promotion

The multicultural study aimed at examining alcohol consumption change or drinking change of English, French and Chinese speaking immigrants in Ottawa and Gatineau, Canada, and identifying demographic factors that impact the change. In all, 810 immigrants of three language sub-groups were recruited by purposive-sampling. Using self-reports, respondents answered questions regarding drinking change and demography in the Multicultural Lifestyle Change Questionnaire in either the English, French or Chinese versions. Data on drinking were analyzed statistically. The immigrants of different gender, language and category sub-groups exhibited different drinking rates, drinking rates before immigration, drinking rates after immigration, drinking change rates and drinking belief change rates. Drinking change (drinking behavior change + drinking belief change) was correlated positively with mother tongue and negatively with gender. Drinking behavior change was negatively correlated with gender and category of immigration. Mother tongue and gender significantly impacted drinking change. Gender significantly impacted drinking behavior change. The immigrants of different sub-groups in Canada experienced different drinking change. Mother tongue and gender were main impacting factors. Culture and acculturation were important contributing factors. Data of immigrant drinking change may provide evidence for drinking policy-making and policy-revising in Canada.

/pdf/alcohol-consumption-change-of-english-french-and-chinese-1m8hm04nxm.pdf

Alcohol consumption change of English, French and Chinese speaking immigrants in Ottawa and Gatineau, Canada

. The pace of change in participatory, rights based qualitative children’s research has been remarkable. Not that long ago children were framed as objects of adult study whose alleged immaturity, unreliability, capriciousness and unformed mini-adult status rendered them capable of little else. Pioneering participatory researchers with children have provided a strong theoretical point of departure from the old order and developed new qualitative methods. A recent analysis of the state of the field review reaffirmed how qualitative research with children fulfills qualitative researchers’ emancipatory aims and proposed a number of questions for further theoretical and methodological exploration. In this review and discussion paper we continue the tradition of epistemological and political reflexivity challenging the old and imagining the new.  We address three of the questions from the recent review of the status of the field.  Question one is about the choice between studying concerns in children’s here and now with bigger questions about citizenship. Secondly we ask how we consider and express truth claims as we throw off the shackles of adultism within the qualitative tradition’s theoretical perspectives on multiple realities created and recreated during research. Our third question explores how and why this new paradigm must go beyond the European roots and verbal methods and fulfill qualitative research’s emancipatory mission by embracing different cultural understandings and expanding our methods. Our review paper examines the methodology and findings from studies in Australia and New Zealand as case studies to address these questions using critical reflection: a rigorous and transparent process involving a reflective journal or equivalent, trusted colleagues for feedback, and the time and space to think and revisit material. We operationalize this by describing each of the three questions in turn and suggest tentative answers by reflecting on pertinent studies, including critical perspectives on our own work. Finally, we use our reflections to propose ways forward to reconstruct an emancipatory approach to qualitative research with children that stands on the shoulders of the pioneers in our field.  Drawing on participatory action research, we propose a formal participatory first stage of research to develop the most appropriate research question and methods: including principles to select the range of participants for study. This first stage should lead to a formal partnership which creates the collaborative and bridging spaces characterised by sufficient trust and safety to enable the more difficult discussions about our third question of accelerating existing moves from European roots. These modest proposals are derived from epistemological reflexivity which considers how the study design and processes shape research; but to come up with more detailed methodological guidance, we suggest stepping back from methodological musings and engaging in more theoretical reflection. We draw upon Bourdieu’s sociology of power to propose a new form of reflection: political reflexivity: exploring the macropolitics of institutional silencing and exclusion and examining power dynamics of research relationships.

Participatory Qualitative Research With Children: Theoretical and Methodological Exploration Needed!

Globally health promotion has remained marginalized while biomedical health systems have maintained and even increased their dominance. During 2019-2021 we drew on the local and historical knowledge of actors from multiple sectors through semi-structured interviews and focus groups, to assess the implications of the withdrawal of the state from health promotion in a suburban region of South Australia. Institutional theory enabled in-depth analysis of the ideas, actors, and institutional forces at play in the institutional field, and how these elements come together to maintain the dominance of medicine. We found that the ideas, actors and institutional forces supporting health promotion in the study region have weakened and fragmented. This has happened as biomedicine has increased its dominance in the region's health system, mirroring international trends. The results point to a withdrawal of state and federal governments from health promotion, which has led to severe gaps in leadership and governance, and locally, to a decline in capacity and resources. The state health department reallocated resources to focus on individual behavioural change rather than more structural factors affecting health. While some activities aimed at the social determinants of health or community development strategies remained, these had minimal institutional support. The establishment of a state government wellbeing agency in 2020 prompted an exploration to determine whether the agency and the international wellbeing movement presents an opportunity for a revival of more comprehensive health promotion.

Colin MacDougall

Papers

Sleep Change of English, French and Chinese speaking Immigrants in Ottawa and Gatineau, Canada

Re-imagining health promotion

Alcohol consumption change of English, French and Chinese speaking immigrants in Ottawa and Gatineau, Canada

Participatory Qualitative Research With Children: Theoretical and Methodological Exploration Needed!

Reviving health promotion in South Australia: The role of ideas, actors and institutional forces.