The impact of culture and governance on corporate social reporting

Spectacular economic growth in China suggests the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has somehow gotten it right. A key hypothesis in both economics and political science is that the CCP's cadre evaluation system, combined with China's geography-based governing logic, has motivated local administrators to compete with one another to generate high growth. We raise a number of theoretical and empirical challenges to this claim. Using a new biographical database of Central Committee members, a previously overlooked feature of CCP reporting, and a novel Bayesian method that can estimate individual-level correlates of partially observed ranks, we find no evidence that strong growth performance was rewarded with higher party ranks at any of the postreform party congresses. Instead, factional ties with various top leaders, educational qualifications, and provincial revenue collection played substantial roles in elite ranking, suggesting that promotion systems served the immediate needs of the regime and its leaders, rather than encompassing goals such as economic growth.

https://faculty.washington.edu/cadolph/articles/ChinaRank.pdf

Getting Ahead in the Communist Party: Explaining the Advancement of Central Committee Members in China

Language endangerment has been the focus of much attention and as a result, a wide range of people are working to revitalize and maintain local languages. This book serves as a general reference guide to language revitalization, written not only for linguists and anthropologists, but also for language activists and community members who believe they should ensure the future use of their languages, despite their predicted loss. Drawing extensively on case studies, it sets out the necessary background and highlights central issues such as literacy, policy decisions, and allocation of resources. Its primary goal is to provide the essential tools for a successful language revitalization program, such as setting and achieving realistic goals, and anticipating and resolving common obstacles. Clearly written and informative, Saving Languages will be an invaluable resource for all those interested in the fate of small language communities around the globe.

Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization

Tourism development and cultural policies in China

Tourism and Indigenous Peoples is a unique text examining the role of indigenous societies in tourism and how they interact within the tourism nexus. Unlike other publications, this text focuses on the active role that indigenous peoples take in the industry, and uses international case studies and experiences to provide a global context to illustrate best practice and aid comparison. First published over ten years ago the editors, Butler and Hinch, have thoroughly revised and updated the text to bring together a new collection of contributions and case studies from recognised international authors and those with first hand experiences in this area. Divided into five main sections, the text looks at this topic under the following headings: Involvement: Uses case studies to discuss and compare such as 'campfire' programmes in east Africa, and the employment of indigenous peoples as guides, amongst other cases, Turbulence: Host guest relationships, conflicts on communities and contrasting strategies and results of tourism in indigenous villages in South Africa. Issues: Discusses issues such as authenticity, religious beliefs and managing indigenous tourism in a fragile environment. Progress: Looks at tourism education, tourism and cultural survival and examples of the policy and practice of indigenous tourism. Conclusions: Five contributions from indigenous people on North America, Australasia and Europe to discuss implications and experiences. Each section uses international case studies from, for example, Australia, New Zealand, Nepal, Namibia, Thailand, Saudi Arabia and South America.

Tourism and indigenous peoples : issues and implications

Voices Carry: Behind Bars and Backstage during China's Revolution and Reform

This paper discusses some aspects of the performing arts of the Tibetans and attempts to analyze how they have fared within the context of an extremely large and modernizing state, where since the late 1970s modernization has been accompanied by a contrary revival of traditions. It argues that performing arts traditions remain powerful among the Tibetans and takes issue with the frequently heard notion that Tibetan culture is being destroyed. It contends, however, that the acceleration of modernization in the coming decades could weaken the tradition in Tibetan culture by affecting its link with the society which feeds it. But what is likely to develop is a changed Tibetan culture, with more place given to those features we know as modernity. On the other hand, the traditions are most unlikely to die out in the foreseeable future. The topical focus of the article is on the performing arts, especially the related forms of drama, balladry and dance. The period of focus is that since the early 1980s, and especially the 1990s.

Tradition and modernity in the performing arts of the Tibetans

When writing can change your life, when writing can enrich you by offering much money, why don't you try it? Are you still very confused of where getting the ideas? Do you still have no idea with what you are going to write? Now, you will need reading. A good writer is a good reader at once. You can define how you write depending on what books to read. This east and southeast asia a multidisciplinary survey can help you to solve the problem. It can be one of the right sources to develop your writing skill.

East and Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Survey.

In China, the Mongolians have a reputation as a 'nationality of music' or a 'nationality of poetry and song'.1 Together with their brothers and sisters of what is now the Mongolian People's Republic, they have a long and distinguished cultural and literary history. Yet the performing arts of the Mongolians of Inner Mongolia have attracted very little attention in the West. The aims of this article are twofold. The first is to describe analytically, though briefly, the traditional performing arts of the contemporary Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, defining the performing arts to include music, song, dance and story-telling.2 The second aim is to raise the broader questions related to the extent of Han domination of Mongolian culture, in particular the performing arts. According to the 1982 census, 3411 657 Mongolians dwell within the borders of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The great majority are among the 19 274 279 people of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, but there are communities also in Xinjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Gansu and Qinghai, with still smaller ones in other places.3 Figures given to me in August 1982 by a fairly senior official in the capital Hohhot show the Mongolian population of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region at only some 11 per cent. The vast majority of the remaining 89 per cent are Han Chinese. The Mongolians occupy a larger area than their small proportion of the population might indicate, including the vast grasslands adjoining that part of the Autonomous Region which shares a border with the Mongolian People's Republic, and the Ordos region within the two northern great bends of the Yellow River. In general the main cities and the peasant villages are Han, while the pasture areas are Mongolian.

Traditional Mongolian Performing Arts in Inner Mongolia

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION. 1. Introduction, Framework and Definitions. 2. Nineteenth-Century Background. PART TWO: CHINA IN TRANSFORMATION, CHRONOLOGICAL TREATMENT. 3. The End of the Qing Period, 1900-11. 4. The Revolution of Sun Yat-sen. 5. Warlords, New Culture, 1916-28. 6. The Nationalist Movement and Revolution. 7. The Nanjing Decade, 1927-37. 8. The Chinese Communist Party. 9. The War against Japan 10. Post-War China, The Civil War. PART THREE: THEMES OF CHANGE. 11. Aspects of Society: Family and Women, Religion and Secular Ideology. 12. Education and the Student Movement. 13. Literature and Theatre. PART FOUR: CONCLUSION. 14. Conclusion and Evaluation. PART FIVE: DOCUMENTS.

Colin Mackerras

Papers

Voices Carry: Behind Bars and Backstage during China's Revolution and Reform

Tradition and modernity in the performing arts of the Tibetans

East and Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Survey.

Traditional Mongolian Performing Arts in Inner Mongolia

China in Transformation 1900-1949