Acknowledgments.Historical Perspective, Motivation and Outline. I Convolutional and Block Coding. Convolutional Channel Coding. Block Coding. Soft Decoding and Performance of BCH Codes. II Turbo Convolutional and Turbo Block Coding. Turbo Convolutional Coding. The Super Trellis Structure of Convolutional Turbo Codes. Turbo BCH Coding. Redundant Residue Number System Codes. III Coded Modulation: TCM, TTCM, BICM, BICM ID. Coded Modulation Theory and Performance. IV Space Time Block and Space Time Trellis Coding. Space time Block Codes. Space Time Trellis Codes. Turbo coded Adaptive QAM versus Space time Trellis Coding. V Turbo Equalisation. Turbo coded Partial response Modulation. Turbo Equalisation for Partial response Systems. Turbo Equalisation Performance Bound. Comparative Study of Turbo Equalisers. Reduced complexity Turbo Equaliser. Turbo Equalisation for Space time Trellis coded Systems. Summary and Conclusions. Bibliography. Subject Index. Author Index. About the Authors.Other Related Wiley and IEEE Press Books.

Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding for Transmission over Fading Channels

The ancient study of the residue numbering system, or RNS, begins with a verse from a third-century book, Suan-ching, by Sun Tzu:* We have things of which we do not know the number, If we count them by threes, the remainder is 2, If we count them by fives, the remainder is 3, If we count them by sevens, the remainder is 2, How many things are there? The answer, 23. How to get the answer 23 is outlined in Sun Tzu's historic work. He presents a formula for manipulating remainders of an integer after division by 3, 5, and 7. We commemorate this contribution today by referring to one of the common rules of converting remainders, or residues, into integers as the Chinese Remainder Theorem, or CRT. This theorem, as well as the theory of residue numbers, was set forth in the 19th century by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his celebrated Disquisitiones Arithmetical.-t This 1700-year-old number system has been attracting a great deal of attention recently. Digital systems structured into residue arithmetic units may play an important role in ultra-speed, dedicated, real-time systems that support pure parallel processing of integer-valued data. It is a \"carry-free\" system that performs addition, subtraction, and multiplication as concurrent (parallel) operations, side-stepping one of the principal arithmetic delays managing carry information. The first attempt to use some of the unique RNS properties was made by D. H. Lenhmet who, in 1932, built a special-purpose machine he called the \"photo-electric sieve.\" This electro-mechanical device factored Mersenne *L. Dickson in the History of the Theorv of Numbers attributes the origin of the RNS to Sun Tsu (not Tzu) in the first centurv AD, but most scholars accept the Sun Tzu origin. numbers. Then in the mid-50's, the Czech researchers Svaboda and Valach conducted experiments on a hard-wired, small moduli RNS machine, which they used to study error codes. I The same idea apparently occurred to Aiken and Garner. 2 From the late 50's to mid-60's, the Department of Defense supported the RNS research by Szabo and Tanaka at Lockheed. They worked on a special-purpose digital correlator while a team from RCA looked into designing a general-purpose machine. Experimentally , these early efforts met with little success because winding the custom core memory required specialized residue mappings. The most tangible result of these early efforts was a comprehensive text written by Szabo and Tanaka, which survived only …

Residue Arithmetic A Tutorial with Examples

Against the backdrop of the emerging 3G wireless personal communications standards and broadband access network standard proposals, this volume covers a range of coding and transmission aspects for transmission over fading wireless channels. It presents the most important classic channel coding issues and also the exciting advances of the last decade, such as turbo coding, turbo equalisation and space-time coding. It endeavours to be the first book with explicit emphasis on channel coding for transmission over wireless channels. Divided into 4 parts: Part 1 - explains the necessary background for novices. It aims to be both an easy reading text book and a deep research monograph. Part 2 - provides detailed coverage of turbo conventional and turbo block coding considering the known decoding algorithms and their performance over Gaussian as well as narrowband and wideband fading channels. Part 3 - comprehensively discusses both space-time block and space-time trellis coding for the first time in literature. Part 4 - provides an overview of turbo equalisations, also referred to as turbo demodulation. The book systematically converts the lessons of Shannon's information theory into design principles applicable to practical wireless systems. It provides overall design performance studies, giving cognizance to the contradictory design requirements of bit error rate, implementational complexity, coding and interleaving delay, effective throughput, coding rate and other related systems design aspects in a comprehensive manner.

Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding

Натрийуретические пептиды (НУП) являются важными биомаркерами в диагностике и определении прогноза у пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью (СН). Оценка динамики концентрации НУП (BNP, Nt -proBNP) может быть использована в качестве критерия успешности проводимой терапии. так, при достижении целевых уровней НУП можно прогнозировать благоприятный исход заболевания. В настоящее время лечение СН с учетом уровней НУП является частью рекомендаций по лечению СН (класс IIа) и улучшению ее исхода (класс IIб) в США, однако такой подход не используется в российских клиниках. Цель. Представить современный взгляд на возможность использования НУП для оценки эффективности проводимой терапии пациентов с СН. Ключевые слова: натрийуретические пептиды, сердечная недостаточность, оценка эффективности терапии.

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук, Кемерово, Россия

Covering the full range of channel codes from the most conventional through to the most advanced, the second edition of Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding is a self-contained reference on channel coding for wireless channels. The book commences with a historical perspective on the topic, which leads to two basic component codes, convolutional and block codes. It then moves on to turbo codes which exploit iterative decoding by using algorithms, such as the Maximum-A-Posteriori (MAP), Log-MAP and Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA), comparing their performance. It also compares Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM), Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation (TTCM), Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) and Iterative BICM (BICM-ID) under various channel conditions.The horizon of the content is then extended to incorporate topics which have found their way into diverse standard systems. These include space-time block and trellis codes, as well as other Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) schemes and near-instantaneously Adaptive Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (AQAM). The book also elaborates on turbo equalisation by providing a detailed portrayal of recent advances in partial response modulation schemes using diverse channel codes.A radically new aspect for this second edition is the discussion of multi-level coding and sphere-packing schemes, Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts, as well as an introduction to the family of Generalized Low Density Parity Check codes.This new edition includes recent advances in near-capacity turbo-transceivers as well as new sections on multi-level coding schemes and of Generalized Low Density Parity Check codesComparatively studies diverse channel coded and turbo detected systems to give all-inclusive information for researchers, engineers and students Details EXIT-chart based irregular transceiver designs Uses rich performance comparisons as well as diverse near-capacity design examples

Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding: EXIT-Chart-Aided Near-Capacity Designs for Wireless Channels

This paper contains a description of a special purpose digital processor which has been implemented using residue arithmetic. The processor does two-dimensional pulse matching by convolving a twodimensional five-by-five filter with the Incoming data stream. The digital processor is controlled by an Intel 8066 16-bit microprocessor and can store up to 16 distinct pulse patterns with the option of elementary error detection. The design employs modular architecture and a pipeline approach with emitter coupled logic (ECL) Integrated circuits and uses table look-up for calculations in the residue number system. Components have been chosen so that the filter is capable of making thirty million five-by-five filter convolutions per second for two-dimensional pulse matching and signal detection. In actual operation the hardware runs error free at the rate of twenty million operations per second. The circulating input buffer is the limiting factor for higher operation rates.

D. Fraser

Papers

Implementation of a fast digital processor using the residue number system