In this provocative book, Barwise and Perry tackle the slippery subject of \"meaning, \" a subject that has long vexed linguists, language philosophers, and logicians.

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Situations and Attitudes.

Communications of the ACM (CACM for short, not the best sounding acronym around) is the ACM’s flagship magazine. Started in 1957, CACM is handy for keeping up to date on current research being carried out across all topics of computer science and realworld applications. CACM has had an illustrious past with many influential pieces of work and debates started within its pages. These include Hoare’s presentation of the Quicksort algorithm; Rivest, Shamir and Adleman’s description of the first publickey cryptosystem RSA; and Dijkstra’s famous letter against the use of GOTO. In addition to the print edition, which is released monthly, there is a fantastic website (http://cacm.acm. org/) that showcases not only the most recent edition but all previous CACM articles as well, readable online as well as downloadable as a PDF. In addition, the website lets you browse for articles by subject, a handy feature if you want to focus on a particular topic. CACM is really essential reading. Pretty much guaranteed to contain content that is interesting to anyone, it keeps tabs on the latest in computer science. It is a valuable asset for us students, who tend to delve deep into a particular area of CS and forget everything that is happening around us. — Daniel Gooch U ndergraduate research is like a box of chocolates: You never know what kind of project you will get. That being said, there are still a few things you should know to get the most out of the experience.

Communications of the ACM

What do we know about social media in tourism? A review

Recommender systems are currently being applied in many different domains. This paper focuses on their application in tourism. A comprehensive and thorough search of the smart e-Tourism recommenders reported in the Artificial Intelligence journals and conferences since 2008 has been made. The paper provides a detailed and up-to-date survey of the field, considering the different kinds of interfaces, the diversity of recommendation algorithms, the functionalities offered by these systems and their use of Artificial Intelligence techniques. The survey also provides some guidelines for the construction of tourism recommenders and outlines the most promising areas of work in the field for the next years.

Review: Intelligent tourism recommender systems: A survey

Ambient assisted living (AAL) is focused on providing assistance to people primarily in their natural environment. Over the past decade, the AAL domain has evolved at a fast pace in various directions. The stakeholders of AAL are not only limited to patients, but also include their relatives, social services, health workers, and care agencies. In fact, AAL aims at increasing the life quality of patients, their relatives and the health care providers with a holistic approach. This paper aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the AAL domain, presenting a systematic analysis of over 10 
years of relevant literature focusing on the stakeholders’ needs, bridging the gap of existing reviews which focused on technologies. The findings of this review clearly show that until now the AAL domain neglects the view of the entire AAL ecosystem. Furthermore, the proposed solutions seem to be tailored more on the basis of the available existing technologies, rather than supporting the various stakeholders’ needs. Another major lack that this
 review is pointing out is a missing adequate evaluation of the various solutions. Finally, it seems that, as the domain of AAL is pretty new, it is still in its incubation phase. Thus, this review calls for moving the AAL domain to a more mature phase with respect to the research approaches.

Exploring the ambient assisted living domain: a systematic review

Hybrid approach for context-aware service discovery in healthcare domain

In the area of ambient intelligence there is a need to address user needs according with context features. Recently, the synergy between context aware computing and collaborative filtering is leading to enhance recommender systems with capabilities always nearer to user needs. Specifically, in the domain of tourism it is useful to proactively suggest right sets of attractive locations, events and so on. This work defines a context aware recommender system aimed at suggesting pertinent points of interest (POIs) to tourists. In particular, the approach is strongly based on the synergy between soft computing and data mining techniques. The general framework integrates user profiles, history of social networking and POIs data. Then by defining collaborative filtering approach on the history meaningful POIs are extracted. Indeed, soft computing techniques are mainly applied in order to support activity of unsupervised users and POIs classification. On the other hand, data mining techniques are exploited in order to extract rules able to associate user profile and context features with an eligible set of recommendable POIs. Experimental results show performance in terms of recommendations accuracy.

A hybrid context aware system for tourist guidance based on collaborative filtering

Situation awareness is crucial factor in decision-making. It involves monitoring and identification of relationships among objects in collaborative dynamic environments. In the domain of Airport Security one of the main needs is to support the security operator to manage in real-time risk scenarios in the airside. This work relies on a cognitive approach to model the awareness ontology and introduces an agent-based architecture to address the problem. In particular, in order to model situation awareness the work instantiates the generic Situation Theory Ontology(STO) in the specific domain of airport security. Furthermore, some task-oriented agents allow to distribute the information in order to achieve better performances.

Agent-based Cognitive approach to Airport Security Situation Awareness

This work introduces an OWL-based upper ontology, called OWL-FC (Ontology Web Language for Fuzzy Control), capable to support a semantic definition of Fuzzy Control. It focuses on the fuzzy rules representation by providing domain independent ontology, supporting interoperability and favoring domain ontologies re-usability. The main contribution is that OWL-FC exploits Fuzzy Logic in OWL to model vagueness and uncertainty of the real world. Moreover, OWL-FC enables automatic discovery and execution of fuzzy controllers, by means of context aware parameter setting: appropriate controllers can be activated, depending on the parameters proactively identified in the work environment. In fact, the semantic modeling of concepts allows the characterization of constraints and restrictions for the identification of the right matches between concepts and individuals. OWL-FC ontology provides a wide, semantic-based interoperability among different domain ontologies, through the specification of fuzzy concepts, independently by the application domain. Then, OWL-FC is coherent to the Semantic Web infrastructure and avoids inconsistencies in the ontology.

OWL-FC: an upper ontology for semantic modeling of Fuzzy Control

Situation awareness computing employs sensor networks to collect large amounts of heterogeneous data in different and complex environments. The rapid development and deployment of sensor technology stress the problem related to the availability of too much and heterogeneous data. Last trend emphasizes the semantic annotation of acquired sensor data. Semantic sensor data provides machine understandable contextual information. In particular, the availability of semantic sensor data allows situation awareness in several application domains. This paper introduces a swarm-based approach to semantic web reasoning in order to identify situations. On one hand, fuzzy control has been employed in order to face with uncertainty of happening situations. On the other hand, Situation Theory has been used in order to model situation awareness. A multi agent swarm architecture enables to monitor complex environments by using spatially distributed autonomous sensors. An application scenario for bank intrusion detection has been described.

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D. Furno

Papers

Hybrid approach for context-aware service discovery in healthcare domain

A hybrid context aware system for tourist guidance based on collaborative filtering

Agent-based Cognitive approach to Airport Security Situation Awareness

OWL-FC: an upper ontology for semantic modeling of Fuzzy Control

Swarm-based semantic fuzzy reasoning for situation awareness computing