http://directory.umm.ac.id/Data%20Elmu/jurnal/E/Ecological%20Economics/Vol36.Issue1.Jan2001/1146.pdf

Entropy and economic processes — physics perspectives

Concentrating Solar Thermal power (CST) has a tremendous potential for scaling up renewable energy at the utility level, diversifying the generation portfolio mix, powering development, and mitigating climate change. At present, different CST technologies have reached varying degrees of commercial availability. This emerging nature of CST means that there are market and technical impediments to accelerating its acceptance, including cost competitiveness, an understanding of technology capability and limitations, intermittency, and benefits of electricity storage. Many developed and some developing countries are currently working to address these barriers in order to scale up CST-based power generation. This report: a) analyzes and draws lessons from the efforts of some developed countries and adapts them to the characteristics of developing economies; b) assesses the cost reduction potential and economic and financial affordability of various technologies in emerging markets; c) evaluates the potential for cost reduction and associated economic benefits derived from local manufacturing; and d) suggests ways to tailor bidding models and practices, bid selection criteria, and structures for power purchase agreements (PPAs) for CST projects in developing market conditions. The report also presents a review of typical cost structures for parabolic trough and power tower plants, which was derived from projects developed or under preparation in Spain and the United States specifically for this report, and an in-depth assessment of the respective cost drivers.

Concentrating Solar Power in Developing Countries: Regulatory and Financial Incentives for Scaling Up

The generation of electricity from solar thermal source has continued to garner more attention due to the very attractive environmental performance, the applicability to small distributed users and as alternative to the fossil fuels power generation. Indeed, solar thermal energy, through the coupling with ORC systems, becomes fit for electric power generation as well and, with a proper thermal storage, can deliver more equivalent hours than other residential systems. The paper analyses, by means of system modelling simulation, a small solar power plant composed by a CPC heat pipe solar collector device feeding a thermal storage, an ORC and an absorber unit. Beside the analysis of configuration and design, this paper proposes an economic analysis taking into consideration the applicable incentive. The evaluation highlights the economic viability of the proposed system and tries to define a roadmap to optimize results consisting in acceptable PBT and positive NPV.

Technical-Economic Analysis of an Innovative Small Scale Solar Thermal - ORC Cogenerative System

The presented paper deals with the issue of the efficient use of solar energy potential gained from thermal panels via tracking the Sun’s trajectory. Based on long-term measurements of the selected parameters, the efficiency of the installed system in relation to the ecliptic was evaluated in the static regime as well as in a rotary regime. In the comparison of rotary and fixed system of the collectors the presented results show an increase of the effectiveness of rotary one during the period of the day. On closer view the increase is not constant. During the day it varies: the most significant increase is in the afternoon, while the time from 10:30 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. the effectiveness of both systems almost identical. The utilisation of the rotary system as a suitable instrument for the elimination of the system stagnation was also evaluated.

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The Synergistic Effect of Thermal Collectors Rotation in relation to Their Energy Efficiency and Stagnation Compared with the Static Thermal System in the Conditions of Central Europe

The main constitution and the performance characteristic of Solar Thermal Power System (STPS) were introduced, and the thermal losses law of the recycled working substance of the conventional thermal power generation unit was analyzed in this paper. The key technical choke points currently existing in high-temperature solar thermal power system were demonstrated in the aspect of technical feasibility and economical efficiency. And then, the combined operation scheme of solar thermal power and conventional thermal power was introduced in this paper. In this hybrid system, the normal and low temperature water vapor can be obtained by solar power and utilized efficiently, in additional, those technical choke points existing in high-temperature solar thermal power can be avoided. With higher comprehensive efficiency and obvious technical and economic performance, the combined operation of solar thermal power and conventional thermal power can be the most important alternative scheme in the reformation progress of the energy conservation and environment protection in conventional thermal power plants, and the most significant way to utilize solar power efficiently.

D.I. Teplyakov

Papers

Solar power plants

Large solar installations, their properties and prospects