With the growth of information technology (IT), there is a growing global concern about the environmental impact of such technologies. As such, academics in several research disciplines consider research on green IT a vibrant theme. While the disparate knowledge in each discipline is gaining substantial momentum, we need a consolidated multidisciplinary view of the salient findings of each research discipline for green IT research to reach its full potential. We reviewed 390 papers published on green IT from 2007 to 2015 in three disciplines: computer science, information systems and management. The prevailing literature demonstrates the value of this consolidated approach for advancing our understanding on this complex global issue of environmental sustainability. We provide an overarching theoretical perspective to consolidate multi-disciplinary findings and to encourage information systems researchers to develop an effective cumulative tradition of research.

Multi-disciplinary green IT archival analysis: A pathway for future studies

This thesis provides a review of 199 papers published on Green IT/IS between 2007−2014, in order to present taxonomy of segments in Green IT/IS publications, where the segments are later used for multiple analyses to facilitate future research and to provide a retrospective analysis of existing knowledge and gaps thereof. This research also attempts to make a unique contribution to our understanding of Green IT/IS, by consolidating papers it observes current patterns of literature through approach analysis and segmentation, as well as allocating studies to the technology, process, or outcome (TPO) stage. Highlighting the necessity of a consolidated approach, these classification systems have been combined into a TPO matrix so that the studies could be arranged according to which stage of the Green IT/IS cycle they were focused on. We believe that these analyses will provide a solid platform from which future Green IT/IS research can be launched.

An archival analysis of green information technology: The current state and future directions

KaliGreen: A distributed Scheduler for Energy Saving

Nowadays, energy saving in the use of information technologies is a very important issue both from the economic and sustainability point of view. Many scientists investigate methods to save energy at different application levels (cloud: i.e., architectures, grid: i.e., middlewares and frameworks and hardware management: i.e., operating systems) and many of them agree on the strategy of executing programs, processes or virtual machines only using the time and resources that are strictly necessary. For this, it is necessary to plan strategies for deployment and relocation of processes; but always taking into account hardware repercussions and the knowledge of the architecture and applications behavior. On the other hand, it has already been demonstrated that the use of microservices brings numerous advantages in availability and efficiency; but we do not find many jobs that exploit this technique on the energy level. In this article, we present the architecture of a middleware for distributed microservices-based applications, which allows any negotiation-based scheduling algorithm to duplicate or move microservices from one device to another in a non-centralized way for energy savings, taking into account the consumption characteristics of the microservices and the capabilities that the hardware components offer.

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The Architecture of Kaligreen V2: A Middleware Aware of Hardware Opportunities to Save Energy

With the use of microservices, many software solutions have been improved in terms of scalability, response efficiency, ease of load balancing among others. However, it is still a challenge to dynamically deploy them according to devices' heterogeneity and energy consumption concerns, while maintaining a defined QoS. Centralized and decentralized approaches that manage microservices deployment have the traditional pros and cons long discussed over time. While the former offer greater control over distributed application components, the latter offers frugal network negotiations, no system-wide crashes, privacy, among others. This work focuses on identifying "ideal" host candidates for microservices' execution in a decentralized network, applying run-time scheduling operations (migration or duplication) to reduce energy consumption. To do this, we created a scheduling algorithm using MAAN (a P2P approach) to interpret a decentralized network as a multidimensional resource (capacity-demand) space, which supports range queries in a logarithmic quantity of hops. In this way, a node that runs a set of microservices is able to 1) map them in terms of their execution requirements (i.e. CPU frequency, RAM capacity, Network rate and disk speed) 2) Select an ideal microservice to be moved or duplicated, 3) find ideal node(s) that meet all those requirements in an optimal computational complexity and 4) negotiate the movement or duplication of the selected microservice, by analyzing energy consumption and QoS criteria.

An energy saving approach: understanding microservices as multidimensional entities in p2p networks

This paper is focused on calculating the processor utilization of various machines having different types of processor configurations employed in data centers by providing solutions to reduce the energy cost component of companies total IT budget. In this paper different parameters like CPU Utilization and Power Utilization on different machines installed in data centers have been analyzed. Also calculation of power required by different machines of different configurations in different modes of operations like active mode, hibernation mode and standby mode is been performed. Here an algorithm has been developed that will calculate the processor utilization by different machines according to the Load Distribution in a network and propose a strategy to utilize minimum possible energy by optimal resource utilization.

D. Patole

Papers

Optimization of load balancing algorithm for green IT