The application discloses a process for upgrading a titaniferous material by removal of impurities contained in the material especially radionuclides. The process involves heating the titaniferous material to a temperature of less than 1300° C. to form a solid titaniferous phase and a liquid oxide or glassy phase in the presence of a material that promotes the formations of such phases, cooling the product at a rate that maintains the glassy phase in an amorphous state and leaching the solidified material with an acid or an alkali to remove the impurities. Materials that promote the formation of the desired phases include compounds of alkali metals and boron. Examples include borax, caustic soda, soda ash and silica.

Upgrading titaniferous materials

The invention discloses a method for recovering iron from rare-earth tailings and producing high-grade fine iron powder. Iron minerals are efficiently recovered from rare-earth tailings and high-grade fine iron powder is produced by a strongly magnetic pre-enrichment-iron rough concentrate reduction roasting-low-intensity magnetic separation method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: performing rod milling of the rare-earth tailings, pre-enriching by a high-gradient high-intensity magnetic separator, recovering valuable ingredients such as rare earth and niobium from obtained tailings of high-intensity magnetic separation by methods such as a flotation method, and uniformly mixing an obtained iron rough concentrate and a carbon-containing reducing agent in a certain proportion for reduction roasting; and performing rod milling of a roasted product, and thus obtaining an iron rough concentrate with the grade of more than 90 percent and the recovery rate of more than 90 percent by a low-intensity magnetic separation method. According to the method, the iron minerals in the rare-earth tailings are pre-enriched by the high-gradient high-intensity magnetic separator, so that the tailings of high-intensity magnetic separation are further recycled; and the coupling relation between a deep reduction-low-intensity magnetic separation iron recovery process method and the recovery of other valuable components is determined.

Method for recovering iron from rare-earth tailings and producing high-grade fine iron powder

A sealing member, comprising a discrete material including a plurality of individual pellets, each pellet comprising a core and a carbon based coating thereon, the plurality of individual pellets being aggregated and pressed together. Additionally, a method for forming the sealing member is provided.

Carbon-based composite ceramic sealing material

Titanium metal production by the Kroll process requires a high-grade ore material as a feedstock for chlorination, such as natural or synthetic rutile. Electrochemical methods for making titanium have generally required even higher purity. This paper describes different methods for iron removal from a pseudorutile mineral sand for the eventual goal of producing commercially pure titanium powder by the MER electrochemical process. One method involves the dissolution of the Fe
 $$_2$$
 O
 $$_3$$
 content of the ore in an alkali chloride molten salt, followed by plating to remove the dissolved species as metallic iron. The other method described involves the reduction of the ore to titanium oxycarbide, which also reduces iron and some other metal oxides present to metallic form. This reduced material is used as an anode in an electrochemical cell, and the metallic impurities are selectively removed by careful control of the anode potential. The products of both processes are compared with respect to their impurity contents, and their potential applications to different titanium production methods are also examined.

Comparison of Methods for Electrochemical Iron Removal from Titanium Ores

A process for beneficiating particulate titanium-bearing ore containing iron oxides is disclosed. The first step of the process entails prereducing the ore to convert about 20-90 percent of the iron oxides in the ore to metallic iron. Next, the prereduced ore is introduced into a mechanical reduction kiln and contacted with HCl and particulate carbonaceous reducing material. The turning and cascading of the materials in the kiln, in the presence of HCl and the reducing material, converts at least some remaining iron oxide in the ore to metallic iron and causes metallic iron to be liberated from the ore grains. Particulate metallic iron having a particle size of at least 50 microns is thereby formed. Finally, the particulate iron is separated from the ore.

Method for beneficiating titanium-bearing material containing iron

A process of producing metallic iron from iron oxides in an oxide containing material comprising iron oxide and a non-ferrous metal oxide wherein the oxide containing material is heated in the presence of hydrogen chloride, flux and a solid carbonaceous material to a temperature below that at which a slag is formed.

D Stewart

Papers

Process of beneficiating titaniferous ores in the presence of hydrogen chloride