Ionic liquid with acidic properties is an important branch in the wide ionic liquid field and the aim of this article is to cover all aspects of these acidic ionic liquids, especially focusing on the developments in the last four years. The structural diversity and synthesis of acidic ionic liquids are discussed in the introduction sections of this review. In addition, an unambiguous classification system for various types of acidic ionic liquids is presented in the introduction. The physical properties including acidity, thermo-physical properties, ionic conductivity, spectroscopy, and computational studies on acidic ionic liquids are covered in the next sections. The final section provides a comprehensive review on applications of acidic ionic liquids in a wide array of fields including catalysis, CO2 fixation, ionogel, electrolyte, fuel-cell, membrane, biomass processing, biodiesel synthesis, desulfurization of gasoline/diesel, metal processing, and metal electrodeposition.

Acidic Ionic Liquids.

Acid–base catalytic reaction, either in heterogeneous or homogeneous systems, is one of the most important chemical reactions that has provoked a wide variety of industrial catalytic processes for production of chemicals and petrochemicals over the past few decades. In view of the fact that the catalytic performances (e.g., activity, selectivity, and reaction mechanism) of acid-catalyzed reactions over acidic catalysts are mostly dictated by detailed acidic features, viz. type (Bronsted vs Lewis acidity), amount (concentration), strength, and local environments (location) of acid sites, information on and manipulation of their structure–activity correlation are crucial for optimization of catalytic performances as well as innovative design of novel effective catalysts. This review aims to summarize recent developments on acidity characterization of solid and liquid catalysts by means of experimental 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using phosphorus probe molecules such as trialkylphosphin...

31P NMR Chemical Shifts of Phosphorus Probes as Reliable and Practical Acidity Scales for Solid and Liquid Catalysts

Facile synthesis of MIL-100(Fe) under HF-free conditions and its application in the acetalization of aldehydes with diols

Magnetically guided delivery of DHA and Fe ions for enhanced cancer therapy based on pH-responsive degradation of DHA-loaded Fe3O4@C@MIL-100(Fe) nanoparticles.

Recently, non-thermal plasma-activated water (PAW) became a relatively new concept developed in the food industry. The effects of PAW on fruit decay, microbial loads, and quality of postharvest Chinese bayberry were investigated. Chinese bayberries were treated by PAW for 0.5, 2, or 5 min and then stored at 3 °C for 8 days. Experimental results show that all PAW treatments could reduce fruit decay by around 50 % compared to control at the end of storage. There was no dose-effect relationship between PAW treatment time and fruit decay. Meanwhile, a 0.5-min PAW treatment could remarkably decrease microbial population on Chinese bayberries during storage, and the maximum reductions reached around 1.1 log CFU/g both for bacteria and fungi at the end day of storage. Scanning electron microscopy results reveal that PAW could significantly change the morphology of microbial cells on Chinese bayberries. Moreover, physicochemical properties analysis of PAW demonstrates that the microbial inactivation of PAW is mainly attributed to the combined action of high oxidation reduction potential and low pH. Additionally, PAW-treated fruits exhibited markedly higher firmness, color index of red grapes, and total soluble solids than the control did at the eighth day. These results indicate that PAW might be a promising strategy to control fruit decay and maintain quality of Chinese bayberry during postharvest storage.

Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma-Activated Water on Fruit Decay and Quality in Postharvest Chinese Bayberries

Densities of aqueous solutions of glycine, l-alanine, l-arginine, and l-phenylalanine containing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [EMIm]Br, have been determined at T = (298.15 and 308.15) K. From the experimental density data, the apparent molar volumes (VΦ) and the standard partial molar volumes (VΦ0) at (298.15 and 308.15) K have been calculated. The values of standard partial molar volumes of transfer (ΔtrVΦ0) are also obtained and are negative for glycine, l-alanine, and l-phenylalanine while positive for l-arginine. The ΔtrVΦ0 values all increased with the increase of the temperature and also the [EMIm]Br content. The obtained volumetric parameters will be helpful to understand mixing effects and other complex biological processes between head and side chain groups of amino acids and ionic liquid [EMIm]Br in aqueous solution.

Effect of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide Ionic Liquid on the Volumetric Behavior of Some Aqueous l-Amino Acids Solutions

Syntheses of novel halogen-free Brønsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquid catalysts and their applications for synthesis of methyl caprylate

Density, viscosity and excess molar volume of binary mixtures of tri-n-octylamine + diluents (n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane) at various temperatures

The apparent molar volumes of glycine, L-alanine, and L-arginine in aqueous hydroxylamine sulfate solutions have been determined at &#x2009;K and atmospheric pressure. The standard partial molar volumes, , corresponding partial molar volumes of transfer, , and hydration numbers, , have been calculated for these &#x3b1;-amino acids from the experimental data. The values are positive for glycine, L-alanine, and L-arginine and are all increased with the increase in the concentration of hydroxylamine ions. These parameters obtained from the volumetric data are interpreted in terms of various mixing effects between amino acids and hydroxylamine sulfate in aqueous solutions.

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Effect of Hydroxylamine Sulfate on Volumetric Behavior of Glycine, L-Alanine, and L-Arginine in Aqueous Solution

The synthesis between palmitic acid and methanol was carried out in a w/o reverse microemulsion prepared from the mixture of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA)/isooctane/water. Box-Behnken design was adopted to evaluate the effect of significant factors on the methyl palmitate yield and response surface methodology (RSM), which was employed to optimize the process parameters in the esterification. The conditions that showed optimal results for methyl palmitate preparation were: 3.33 w0 ([H2O]/[surfactant]), 4.2 h reaction time, 5:1 methanol/acid molar ratio, and 130 mg g-1 lipase ([lipase]/[acid]) concentration. The following verification experiment obtained a result of 97% in almost total agreement with the expected value (98%). The kinetic constants of the model were determined by experiments at 40 °C with initial concentrations of 0.025-0.25 mol L-1 palmitic acid and 0.025-0.3 mol L-1 methanol in the microemulsion system. The kinetic studies showed that the reaction obeyed the Ping-Pong bi-bi mechanism with inhibition by methanol.

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Da-Hai Ren

Papers

Effect of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide Ionic Liquid on the Volumetric Behavior of Some Aqueous l-Amino Acids Solutions

Syntheses of novel halogen-free Brønsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquid catalysts and their applications for synthesis of methyl caprylate

Density, viscosity and excess molar volume of binary mixtures of tri-n-octylamine + diluents (n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane) at various temperatures

Effect of Hydroxylamine Sulfate on Volumetric Behavior of Glycine, L-Alanine, and L-Arginine in Aqueous Solution

Production of biodiesel catalyzed by Candida rugosa lipase at interface of w/o microemulsion system