2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

The Social Psychology of Organizations.

The objective of a circular economy (CE) is to maintain the value of products, materials, and resources in the economy by closing material loops and minimizing waste generation. In recent years, the role of public procurement has been recognized as an important, but as yet not fully exploited, opportunity by cities and municipalities in their transition toward circular societies. This study analyzed public procurement opportunities to promote CE. Different approaches and examples of circular public procurement were identified using case studies. In addition, opportunities to promote CE through sustainable and green public procurement policy were identified analyzing predefined sustainable or green public procurement criteria. The study concludes that public procurement can promote CE and related business models by setting criteria and requirements for the extension of product life spans, efficiency and/or intensity of use, and efficient cycling of biological or technical materials, as well as for the securing of clean and nonrisky cycles. Circular procurement can occur through the procurement of better‐quality products in circular terms, the procurement of new circular products, the use of business concepts that support the CE, and investments in circular ecosystems. Several sectors and product groups were identified as having potential for circular procurement, such as construction, waste, and wastewater management, transportation, food, and catering, furniture, and textiles. The study also suggests that the use of certain tools, such as performance‐based procurement, life cycle approach, and life cycle costing, as well as criteria concerning reuse and recycling of materials, could promote circular procurement. Market dialogue and cooperation between procurers and actors in the supply chains are important for the future development of circular procurement.

Exploiting the Potential of Public Procurement: Opportunities for Circular Economy

Introduction. The Insider: Jeffrey Wigand and the Tobacco Industry. Deciding to Become a Whistleblower: NASA and Roger Boisjoly Cindy Ossias and the California DOI. The Whistleblower as Policy Entrepreneur: Hal Freeman and the OCR Hugh Kaufman and the EPA. An Impact on the Agency: Barbara Moulton and the FDA. Protecting the Whistleblower: The INS and Neil Jacobs. Whistleblowing: A Force for Democratization?

Whistle-blowing:When It Works--And Why (Book)

Networking is an inherent part of the European Union (EU) programme Liaison entre actions de developpement de l'economie rurale1 (LEADER): through supporting local partnerships, EU-wide cooperation and information exchange, LEADER aims at strengthening the socioeconomic development of rural regions and improving local governance. Employing Social Network Analysis, we assess how key LEADER features, such as the bottom-up and the participatory approach, are implemented in a new EU Member State. Focusing on the relevance of social networks for LEADER in Romania, we find that the complexity of the programme, weak administrative networks, political influence, and heritage of the socialist era inhibit the smooth introduction of the LEADER instrument. Clearly, founding formal partnerships and better governance remain generally challenging. While bottom-up regional networks can more easily establish social capital, initiatives steered by the communal administration are more competitive in the selection for funding, but tend to neglect participation.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2012.00571.x

Social Networks and Rural Development: LEADER in Romania

This article endeavors to diagnose and critically assess some of the challenges Romanian public administration is confronted with and to discuss some of the reform efforts that have been made in order to cope with these challenges. The concept of administrative capacity is central to this analysis — the authors examine the practical implications of this concept and try to assess what could be done in order to increase the administrative capacity of local public administration and to complete the decentralization process. From a methodological standpoint, the article employs qualitative analysis. Secondary data analysis and document analysis (scientific papers and official documents such as laws, reports issued by the EU institutions) were used in order to justify some of the comments and assumptions made throughout the article.Points for practitionersThe article highlights several of the reform efforts in the field of public administration undertaken recently by Romania. It points out that the process of ...

Reforming local public administration in Romania: trends and obstacles

The paper discusses a new tool to be used in public procurement by contracting authorities, namely Life Cycle Costing, in light of the efforts made at the EU level to promote green and sustainable public procurement. The authors analyse the provisions concerning Life Cycle Costing comprised in the proposal of the European Commission for the new Public Procurement Directives. Several obstacles regarding the implementation of Life Cycle Costing are discussed alongside with a brief analysis of best practices in this field from other countries outside the EU. The article concludes that Life Cycle Costing has the potential to be used or integrated as an award criterion, which will better advance the quest for sustainable development (defined both in terms of environmental as well as social objectives).

Sustainable Public Procurement: Life Cycle Costing (LCC) in the New EU Directive Proposal

Chapter 1: Administrative Appeals in Germany by Ulrich Stelkens- Chapter 2: Alternative Dispute Resolution in French Administrative Proceedings by Rhita Bousta and Sagar Arun- Chapter 3: Administrative Appeals in the Italian Law: On the Brink of Extinction or Might They Be Saved (And Are They Worth Saving)? by Mario Comba and Roberto Caranta- Chapter 4: The Dutch System of Dispute Resolution in Administrative Law by Philip Langbroek, Milan Remac and Paulien Willemsen- Chapter 5: Administrative Appeals and ADR in Danish Administrative Law by Inger Marie Conradsen, Michael Gotze- Chapter 6: The Complexity of Administrative Appeals in Belgium: Not Seeing the Woods for the Trees by Ludo M Veny- Chapter 7: Administrative Justice in Austria in the Stage of Transition: From Administrative Appeals to Administrative Courts or the Final Stage of "Tribunalization" of Administrative Disputes by Friederike Bundschuh-Rieseneder and Alexander Balthasar- Chapter 8: ADR Tools in Spanish Administrative Law by Susana Galera, Pablo Acosta and Helena Soleto- Chapter 9: ADR in the Administrative Law - A Perspective from the United Kingdom by David Marrani and Youseph Farah- Chapter 10: Administrative Appeals and Other Forms of ADR in Hungary by Anita Boros and Andras Patyi- Chapter 11: Administrative Remedies in Polish Administrative Law by Andrzej Skoczylas and Mariusz Swora- Chapter 12: Effective Conflict Resolution in Administrative Proceedings in Slovenia - A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis by Polonca Kovac- Chapter 13: Administrative Appeals, Ombudsman and Other ADR Tools in the Czech Administrative Law by Sona Skulova, Lukas Potesil, David Hejc- Chapter 14: The Dynamic of Administrative Appeals and Other ADR Tools in Romania by Dacian C Dragos, Bogdana Neamtu and Raluca Suciu- Chapter 15: Serbia as a Part of the European Administrative Space - ADR Tools Applied to Administrative Law by Vuk Cucic- Chapter 16: Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in the European Union Law by Siegfried Magiera and Wolfgang Weiss- Chapter 17: Administrative Appeals in Comparative European Administrative Law: What Effectiveness? by Dacian C Dragos and David Marrani- Chapter 18: The Ombudsman - An Alternative to the Judiciary? by Milan Remac- Chapter 19: Mediation in Administrative Proceedings: A Comparative Perspective by KJ de Graaf, AT Marseille and HD Tolsma

Alternative Dispute Resolution in European Administrative Law

The article discusses the concept of procedural administrative transparency and aims to investigate the extent to which the legal provisions of Law no. 52/2003 on transparency in decision-making are actually implemented by the local administrations from the rural communities in the Transylvania region, Romania. The main research questions are: Where are the weaknesses in the implementation of Law no. 52/2003 in the rural settings in Romania? Why do they occur? What could be changed to alleviate these weaknesses? Based on a mixed method approach – surveys followed by direct observation and informal interviews – we determined that the implementation of procedural transparency requirements is low and in many cases local public authorities comply only 'for the record' with the provisions of the law. The main challenge with regard to implementation is the existence of universal provisions for all local public authorities, irrespective of their administrative capacity, existing cultural and social characteristics of public participation and communication in rural communities as well as the relationship between central and local tiers of the government. In conclusion, the authors argue that the implementation level of these requirements could be enhanced by their inclusion in a general procedural administrative law.

Procedural Transparency in Rural Romania: Linking Implementation with Administrative Capacity?

This chapter dwells on sustainable public procurement as promoted by the new 2014 Directives on public procurement, having as background the experience of implementing the 2004 Directives in several Member States. Traditionally, public procurement had only to be economically efficient, with little regard for other objectives than the purely economic ones. In recent times, however, due to a more general ascension of the sustainable development concept, governments have been put in the position to “lead by example” and use their purchasing power in order to advance the goals of sustainable development; as a specific development, sustainable public procurement has been slowly creeping in. From “secondary considerations” in the 2004 Directives, the need to include social and environmental considerations in public tendering procedures has led to the coining of new terms, much more powerful and all-encompassing, such as “horizontal policies”, “sustainable procurement” or even “strategic procurement”. We can state that with the new 2014 Directives, the sustainability paradigm is almost taking over the realm of public procurement, and it is marketed as a major “selling point” of the new legislation.Sustainability has been for the last three decades a “buzz” word in the environmental literature (but also beyond), conveying a multitude of meanings that are often divergent to a variety of individuals, professions, interest groups, governmental agencies, political leaders, NGOs and grassroots organizations, The concept of ‘sustainability’ in its modern sense emerged in the early 1970s in response to a dramatic growth in understanding that modern development practices in all fields were leading to worldwide environmental and social crises, The term is nonetheless very broad and abstract thus creating confusion and cynicism as well as positive environmental change. While sustainability is more directly related to biology and ecology, the concept of sustainable development or sustainable economic development brings elements of economic activity more explicitly into the equation. It is a catchword for alternative development approaches that could be envisioned as continuing far into the future. Perhaps the most well-known definition is the one from the Brundtland report, which defines sustainable development as development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It usually comprises three dimensions – economic, social/equity, and environmental.In public procurement, it means that the government is embarking on socially and environmentally responsible practices through the use of public contracts. It has to be noted that sustainable public procurement encompasses not only social and environmental matters but also, in a wide interpretation, the participation of SMEs in public tendering processes. However, in this Chapter we will cover only the social and environmental aspects, SMEs being dwelt upon in other chapters.The chapter begins with an incursion into the development of sustainable considerations in EU legislation, in soft law and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice. Then it will analyze the experience of several Member States in implementing the provisions of the 2004 Directives, in order to have a perspective on the background against which the new provisions of 2014 will be implemented. In the end, we will discuss sustainable procurement as envisaged in these new 2014 Directives.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2488047_code1343430.pdf?abstractid=2488047&mirid=1&type=2

Dacian C. Dragos

Papers

Reforming local public administration in Romania: trends and obstacles

Sustainable Public Procurement: Life Cycle Costing (LCC) in the New EU Directive Proposal

Alternative Dispute Resolution in European Administrative Law

Procedural Transparency in Rural Romania: Linking Implementation with Administrative Capacity?

Sustainable Public Procurement in the EU: Experiences and Prospects