Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy

This paper traces the time series (?Growth of Firms?) tradition in the study of market structure and looks at how recent studies on entry and the size distribution of firms have modified thinking in this area.

Gibrat's legacy

The Theory of Monopolistic Competition.

Using bank-level data, the authors apply the Panzar and Rosse (1987) methodology to estimate the extent to which changes in input prices are reflected in revenues earned by specific banks in 50 countries' banking systems. They then relate this competitiveness measure to indicators of countries' banking system structures and regulatory regimes. The authors find systems with greater foreign bank entry and fewer entry and activity restrictions to be more competitive. They find no evidence that the competitiveness measure negatively relates to banking system concentration. Their findings confirm that contestability determines effective competition, especially by allowing (foreign) bank entry and reducing activity restrictions on banks.

/pdf/what-drives-bank-competition-some-international-evidence-2xobydieqo.pdf

What drives bank competition? some international evidence

It is clear that the above can lead to confusion when scientists of different countries are trying to communicate with each other. Another example is the burrowing rodent called a gopher found throughout the western United States. In the southeastern United States the term gopher refers to a burrowing turtle very similar to the desert tortoise found in the American southwest. One final example; two North American mammals known as the elk and the caribou are known in Europe as the reindeer and the elk. We never sing “Rudolph the Red-nosed elk”! Confused? This was the reason for creating an internationally recognized system of naming organisms. To avoid confusion, living organisms are assigned a scientific name based on Latin or Latinized words. The English sparrow is Passer domesticus or Passer domesticus (italics or underlining these two names is the official written representation of a scientific name). Using a uniform naming system allows scientists from all over the world to recognize exactly which life form a scientist is referring to. The naming process is called the binomial system of nomenclature. Passer is comparable to a surname and is called the genus, while domesticus is the specific or species name (like your given name) of the English sparrow. Now scientists can give all sparrow-like birds the genus Passer but the species name will vary. All similar genera (plural for genus) can be grouped into another, “higher” category (see below). Study the following for a more through understanding of taxonomy. Taxonomy Analogy Kingdom: Animalia Country

Diversity of life

This paper assesses convergence in output per head across regions in the European Community (EC), for the period 1975 90. We use three alternative methodologies to measure convergence, which yield consistent results. We observe that there are strong differences in the pattern of convergence across sub-periods and across subsets of regions. If Southern Europe seemed to catch up in the early 1980s, it stagnated, at best, in the second part of the 1980s. The regions in Northern Europe, on the other hand, tended to stagnate or diverge in the first part of the 1980s but converge strongly thereafter. This pattern is consistent with the view that North European countries have adjusted better to the main change in policy regimes which occurred in the mid-1980s, namely the implementation of the Single Market programme and the entry of Spain and Portugal into the EC in 1985. This evidence also lends support to the view that trade liberalization can exacerbate disparities. Finally, our evidence indicates that the distinction between the North and the South of the EC is likely to be more relevant in the analysis of growth patterns than the distinction between the centre and the periphery. Preliminary evidence on migration indicates that the population in the Southern regions responds much more slowly to wage and unemployment differences. This may partly explain why Southern regions have not converged after 1985. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Regional Convergence in the European Comunity

This article assesses convergence in output per head across regions in the European Community, for the period 1975–90. We use three alternative methodologies to measure convergence, which yield consistent results. We observe that there are strong differences in the pattern of convergence across sub-periods and across subsets of regions. If the south of Europe seems to catch up in the early 1980s, it stagnates, at best, in the second part of the eighties. At the opposite end, the regions in the north of Europe tend to stagnate or diverge in the first part of the eighties but converge strongly thereafter. This pattern is consistent with the view that northern European countries have adjusted better to the main change in policy regime which occurred in the mid-1980s, namely the implementation of the internal market programme and the entry of the Iberian peninsula in the Community in 1985. This evidence also lends support to the view that trade liberalization can exacerbate disparities. Finally, our evidence indicates that the distinction between the north and the south of the EC is likely to be more relevant in the analysis of growth patterns than the distinction between the centre and the periphery. Preliminary evidence on migration indicates that the population of the southern regions responds much more slowly to wage and unemployment differences. This may explain partly why southern regions have not converged after 1985.

Regional Convergence in the European Community

On Quality and Variety Competition

Technology sourcing and FDI in the EC: An empirical evaluation

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/51051/1/322769051.pdf

Damien Neven

Papers

Regional Convergence in the European Comunity

Regional Convergence in the European Community

On Quality and Variety Competition

Technology sourcing and FDI in the EC: An empirical evaluation

Consumer surplus vs. welfare standard in a political economy model of merger control