Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) has been developed as a tool for the simultaneous and quantitative determination of organic components, including chemical bond, as well as organic content (e.g. protein, carbohydrate and lipid). However, until now, there is no further information for the detailed information in the FTIR peaks. The objective of this study was to demonstrate how to read and assess chemical bond and structure in the organic material. The analysis was then compared with the literatures. The step-by-step method on how to read the FTIR data was presented, including reviewing simple to the complex organic materials. This study is potential to be used as a standard information on how to read FTIR peaks in the biochemical and organic materials.

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How to Read and Interpret FTIR Spectroscope of Organic Material

A critical review of analytical methods in pretreatment of lignocelluloses: Composition, imaging, and crystallinity.

Infrared spectroscopy is nowadays one of the most important analytical techniques available to scientists. One of the greatest advantages of the infrared spectroscopy is that virtually any sample in any state may be analyzed. For example, liquids, solutions, pastes, powders, films, fibres, gases and surfaces can all be examined with a judicious choice of sampling technique. The review by Annette, Sudhakar, Ursula and Andrea [1-2] also demonstrates the applicability of dispersion infrared spectroscopy for natural fibres studies.

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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Natural Fibres

Natural Fibers Reinforced Composites (NFRC) are finding much interest as a substitute for glass or carbon reinforced polymer composites, like for instance automobile interior linings (roof, rear wall, side panel lining), shipping pallets, construction products (i.e. composite roof tiles), furniture and household products (i.e. storage containers, window and picture frames as well as food service trays, toys and flower pots) as well as fan houses and blades. However, a notable disadvantage of lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcements is their polarity which makes it incompatible with hydrophobic thermoplastic matrix. This incompatibility results in poor interfacial bonding between the fibers and the matrix. This in turn leads to impaired mechanical properties of the composites. This defect can be remedied by chemical modification of fibers so as to make it less hydrophilic. In this paper experiments have been performed to further the development of natural fiber reinforced composites. Untreated and treated surfaces of hemp fibers were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Fiber-matrix adhesion was promoted by fiber surface modifications using an alkaline treatment and (3-Glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane coupling agent. The mechanical behaviour of epoxy matrix composite reinforced with woven hemp was studied and mechanical test results show that silane treatment of hemp fibers improves, both tensile and flexural properties of the composites, although no high values are obtained.

Influence of chemical treatments on mechanical properties of hemp fiber reinforced composites

Preparation, properties and applications of nanocellulosic materials

This paper presents systematic and improved methodologies to characterize the surface and fracture of elementary hemp fibres by Field Emission Scanning Microscope (FE-SEM), determine the Microfibril Angles (MFA) by an advanced microscopy technology and examine the crystallinity by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results showed that 1) There existed various deformations/defects in elementary hemp fibres, showing four types of deformations, namely kink bands, dislocations, nodes and slip planes. The crack on the surface of elementary fibres was the initial breaking point under stress; 2) Under tension the primary wall and secondary wall of hemp fibres showed different deformation and breaking behaviour. The crack initiated in a weak point of primary wall and subsequently propagated along radial direction from S1 to S2 layers; 3) The average MFA for the broken regions of S2 layer was 6.16? compared to 2.65? for the normal hemp fibres and the breaking of hemp fibres occurred at the points where had the biggest MFA; 4) The average MFA was 2.65? for S2 layer and 80.35? for S1 layer; 5) the Crystallinity Index (CI) determined by XRD and FTIR was very similar, showing the lattice parameters of the hemp fibres tested a = 6.97 A, b = 6.26 A, c = 11.88 A and γ = 97.21?, and the ratio of 1423 to 896 cm-1 was found more suitable for CI evaluation for hemp fibres.

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Dasong Dai

Papers

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Natural Fibres

Characteristic and Performance of Elementary Hemp Fibre

Investigation of the dislocation of natural fibres by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

Fabrication of nanocelluloses from hemp fibers and their application for the reinforcement of hemp fibers

Preparation of bio-composite from wood sawdust and gypsum