Measuring embodied carbon dioxide equivalent of buildings: A review and critique of current industry practice

: The corrosion of reinforcement is one of the major causes of deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, considerably affecting their durability and reliability. The rate of reinforcement corrosion is governed by, among other factors, the presence of chlorides on the surface of the steel. The assessment of such deteriorating effects necessitates the development of relevant models and the utilization of advanced simulation techniques to enable the probabilistic analysis of concrete structures. In this article an approach for the assessment of the durability and reliability of RC structures under attack from chlorides is introduced. The field of chloride concentration at different locations in the structure (represented in 2D space by chosen longitudinal or cross sections) is modeled as a function of time by a cellular automata (CA) technique. The results of this simulation are then utilized for the assessment of a steel corrosion prognosis using a probabilistic 1D model at chosen points, although the rate of corrosion is based on experimental results. The concentrations of chlorides and pH levels are reflected in this way. The described approach is applied to an illustrative example showing the feasibility of capturing the effect of chloride concentration on the steel corrosion rate and consequently on the assessment of the service life and/or reliability of the structure.

/pdf/modeling-of-chloride-concentration-effect-on-reinforcement-19a0df4s5g.pdf

Modeling of Chloride Concentration Effect on Reinforcement Corrosion

Thin-walled shell structures made of textile-reinforced concrete : Part II: Experimental characterization, ultimate limit state assessment and numerical simulation

Design of Truss Structures Through Reuse

The assessment of rock-fall hazards is subject to significant uncertainty, which is not fully considered in general practice and research This paper reviews and classifies the various sources of the uncertainty Taking a generic framework for risk assessment as source, a probabilistic model is presented that consistently combines the different types of uncertainties, in order to obtain a unified estimate of rock-fall risk An important aspect of the model is that it allows for incorporating all available information, including physical and empirical models, observations and expert knowledge, by means of Bayesian updating Detailed formulations are developed for various types of information Finally, two examples considering rock-fall risk on roads, with and without protection structures, illustrate the application of the probabilistic modeling framework to practical problems

David A Nethercot

Papers

The basis of structural design